Drilling-Engineering(钻井工程英文课件)

1DrillingEngineeringContentsOverviewRigcomponentsDrillstringDrillbitsFormationpressuresWellcontrol2CasingCementDrillingfluidsHydraulicsDirectionaldrillingDirectionalSurveyingMeasurementwhiledrillingSubsea3Chap.1Overview1.Introduction2.DrillingPersonnel3.Rotarydrillingequipment4.Thedrillingprocess5.Offshoredrilling6.Drillingeconomics4Chap.1Overview1.1ExplorationandproductionlicencesInUK,thesecretaryofStateforEnergyisempowered(授权),onbehalfoftheGovernment,toinvitecompaniestoapplyforexplorationandproductionlicencesontheUnitedKingdomContinentalShelf.Explorationlicencesmaybeawardedatanytime.(mainlyallowtoacquireseismicdata,nottodrillanydeeperthan350meters.)1.Introduction5ProductionlicencesareawardedatspecificdiscreteintervalsknownaslicencingRounds.1.2Exploration,DevelopmentandAbandonmentBeforedrillinganexplorationwell,companyhavetoobtainaproductionlicence.Thelicenceallowthecompanytodrillexplorationwellsintheareaofinterest.Chap.1Overview6TheobjectivesofexplorationwellTodeterminethepresenceofhydrocarbonsToprovidegeologicaldata(core,logs)forevaluation.Toflowtestthewelltodetermineitsproductionpotential,andobtainfluidsample.Chap.1Overview7ThephasesinthelifeofoilfieldExplorationAppraisalDevelopmentMaintenanceAbandonmentChap.1OverviewRoleofDrillingChap.1Overview92.DrillingpersonnelDrillingawellrequiresmanydifferentskillsandinvolvesmanycompanies.Operator：Theoilcompanywhomanagesthedrillingand/orproductionoperations.Injointventuresonecompanyactsasoperatoronbehalfoftheotherpartners.Theoilcompanywillemployadrillingcontractortodrillthewell.Chap.1Overview10ContractingstrategiesDay-ratecontract(日费制)Themostcommontypeofdrillingcontractisaday-ratecontract.TheoperatorpreparesadetailedwelldesignandprogramofworkforthedrillingoperationDrillingcontractorsimplyprovidesthedrillingrigandpersonneltodrillthewell.Thecontractorispaidafixedsumofmoneyforeverydaythathespendsdrillingthewell.Allconsumableitems(e.g.drillingbits,cement),transportandsupportservicesareprovidedbytheoperator.Chap.1Overview11Turnkeycontract(大包)Thedrillingcontractordesignsthewell,contractsthetransportandsupportservicesandpurchasesalloftheconsumables,andchargestheoilcompanyafixedsumofmoneyforwholeoperation.Theroleofoperatoristospecifythedrillingtargets,theevaluationproceduresandtoestablishthequalitycontrolsonthefinalwell.Chap.1Overview12Theoperatorwillgenerallyhavearepresentativeontherig(sometimescalledthe“companyman”)toensuredrillingoperationsgoaheadasplanned,makedecisionsaffectingprogressofthewell,andorganisesuppliesofequipment.Hewillbeindailycontactwithhisdrillingsuperintendent（主管）whowillbebasedintheheadofficeoftheoperator.Theremayalsobeanoilcompanydrillingengineerand/orageologistontherig.Chap.1Overview13Thedrillingcontractorwillemployatool-pusher（钻井主管alsocalledsuperintendent）tobeinoverallchargeoftherig.Heisresponsibleforallrigflooractivitiesandliaises（保持联系）withthecompanymantoensureprogressissatisfactory.Themanualactivitiesassociatedwithdrillingthewellareconductedbythedrillingcrew.Sincedrillingcontinues24hoursaday,thereareusually2drillingcrews.Eachcrewworksunderthedirectionofthedriller(司钻).DrillingactivityChap.1Overview14•Thecrewwillgenerallyconsistofaderrickman(井架工whoalsotendsthepumpswhiledrilling),3roughnecks(钻台工workingonrigfloor),plusamechanic（机修工）,anelectrician（电工）,acraneoperatorandroustabouts(杂工generallabourers)•Servicecompanypersonnelaretransportedtotherigandwhenrequired.Sometimestheyareontherigfortheentirewell(e.g.mudengineer)oronlyforafewdaysduringparticularoperations(e.g.directionaldrillingengineer).Chap.1Overview15PersonnelinDrillingaWell163.DrillingproposalanddrillingprogramTheproposalfordrillingthewellispreparedbythegeologistsandreservoirengineersintheoperatingcompanyandprovidestheinformationuponwhichthewellwillbedesignedandthedrillingprogramwillbeprepared.Drillingproposal:•Objectiveofthewell•Depth(m/ft,subsea),andlocation(longitudeandLatitude)oftarget•Geologicalcrosssection•Porepressureprofileprediction17•Drillingrigtobeusedforthewell•Proposedlocationforthedrillingrig•Holessizesanddepths•Casingsizesanddepths•Drillingfluidspecification•Directionaldrillinginformation•Wellcontrolequipmentandprocedures•BitsandhydraulicsprogramDrillingprogram:184.RotaryDrillingEquipment195.DrillingProcessFig.4TypicalwellinNorthSea20Installingthe30inConductor1.Thefirststageistodrivealargediameterpipetoadepthofapproximately100ftbelowgroundlevelusingatruckmountedpile-driver.2.Thispipe,usuallycalledcasing/conductor,isinstalledtopreventtheunconsalidatedsurfaceformationsfromcollapsingwhistdrillingdeeper.3.Oncethisconductorisinplacethefullsizedrigisbroughtontothesiteandsetupovertheconductor,andpreparationsaremadeforthenextstageoftheoperation.Overviewoftheprocessofdrilling21Drillingandcasingthe26’hole1.A26”diameterbitisgenerallyusedforthefirstholesection(theI.D.ofconductorisapproximately28”).2.Thissectionmaybeapproximately2000’.3.Whistdrillingthe26’hole,drillingfluidiscirculateddownthedrllpipe,acrossthefaceofthedrillbit,anduptheannulusbetweenth