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...英语定语从句(形容词性从句)用法一、定义：定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。先行词+关系词+定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词（which,who,whom,whose,that）（where,when,why）二、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语(可省)；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语(可省)；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。...关系词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词必须和先行词在人称和数量上保持一致。小结:who,whom,whose(ofwhich),that(指人/物),which(指物)(主语)(宾语)(定语)Where=inwhich(指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语)When=onwhich（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语Why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）三、关系词的选择1．首先判断先行词。2．先行词确定后，再看关系词在从句中作什么成分，然后正确选择关系词。4．定语从句要避免成分重复5．定语从句要避免漏用先行词6．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开ThesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyearSheisthegirlwhosingsbestofallThestudentwhoansweredthequestionismyclassmateThedoctorwhomyou’rtalkingabouthasgonehomeIknowtheladywhosehusbandworksinahospital...ThisistheletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoreadWhereismycoatwhichIboughtthismorning?IhaveneverforgottenthedaywhenImetyouTheistheroomwherehelivesTheisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleaveThewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.四、定语从句中的that,who用来指人时的用法在下列情况下多用或须用who①关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thedoctorwhotreatedmewasveryexperienced.②先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时，多用who。Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.Anyonewhobreakstherulewillbepunished.③先行词为those和people时多用who。Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用who，作宾语须用whom。Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.Mr.Green,whomyousawinthelibraryyesterday,willteachusphysicsnextterm....⑤在被分割的定语从句中须用who.AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.⑥在以therebe开头的句子中多用who.Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.⑦一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatismodestandstudiesveryhard.五、只用that不用which的情况1、当先行词是all,little,few,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。如：Everythingthathappenedthenwaslikeanightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场噩梦。Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。2、当先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。例如：Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.我们能做的只是等待。That’stheverythingthatwecando.那正是我们能做的事。3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如：ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我看过的最好的小说。4、被修饰词为数词时。例如：YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.昨天我捉到了两条鱼，把它们放在一盆水里。你可以...看到那两条鱼还活着呢。5、主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：There’sstillaroomthatisfree.还有一个空房间。6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesthatweremembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和村子。Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和工人的情况。7、当主句中有who,which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免who…who,which…which等重叠，定语从句要用that引导。例如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?站在门边的那个男人是谁？Whichofthetwocowsthatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶多？8、人或物在定语从句中表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常也可以省略。例如：Heisnolongerthemanthathewas.他不再是过去的他。六、关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.巩固练习Fillinthegaps:1.Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillages______weremembered.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate....3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?7.Heisnolongertheman_______hewas.单选题1．Istillremembertheday-------IjoinedthearmyA.whichB.whenC.onthatD.inwhich2.Thisisthefactory--------wevisitedlastyearA.whereB.whichC.whyD.who3.Haveyoufoundthewoman-----pursewaslostA.thatB.whoC.whoseD.whom4.Whereisthewindow------glasswasbroken?A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.its5.Thisisthebook------IwantA.thatB.whatC.inwhichD.as6.Sheisanewteacher---------willteachyouEnglishA.whoB.whoseC.whomD.when7.Iknowhim-------sisterisourteacherA.whoseB.whomC.thatD.which8.Isthisthehouse--------youwillbuy?A.whereB.whichC.whyD.who9.heistheperson-------I’mlookingfor...A.howB.whomC.whoseD.when10.Thetime--------welivedtogetherwasveryhappyA.whenB.where.C.thatD.who定语从句补充强化练习1.Themostimportantthing_______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that2.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_______noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that3.Heneverreadsanything________isnotworthreading.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.as4.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_________wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it5.Thehouse________roofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.A.whichitsB.whoseC.thatheD.that6.Thepen________hewritesisaHero60.A.withitB.withwhichC.withwhatD.withwhom7.Thisistheverybus_________we’llgotothetheatre.A.inthatB.whatC.bywhichD.onwhich8.Heistheonlyoneoftheteachers__________Spanishinourschool....A.whoteachesB.whoteachC.whichteachesD.thatteach9.I’mnotthepersonwho_________tobefrightenedbysuchahorriblescene.A.amB.isC.areD.was10.ThegirlIsaw_______br