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1Inlightofamonkeyselfie1Holdyoursmartphone,smileatthefrontcamera,andclick!Yougetaselfie.Thereisnodoubtthatthisphotoisyours.Butifamonkeytakesaselfie,doesthecameraownerhavetherighttodecidehowtouseit?2Recently,thisquestionhascausedaproblembetweenWikimediaFoundation,anon-profitorganization,andBritishwildlifephotographerDavidJ.Slater.3In2011,SlaterwasvisitingaparkinIndonesiawhenamacaque(猕猴)gotholdofoneofhiscameras.“Theywerequitenaughty,jumpingallovermyequipment,”SlatertoldTheTelegraph,“anditlookedliketheywerealreadyposingforthecamerawhenonehitthebutton.”Theresultwashundredsofmonkeyselfies.Thebestofimageswasafemalemacaquegrinningtoothilyintothelens.4Thisweek,thegrinningmonkeyselfiereturnedtothenewswhenWikimediarefusedSlater’srequesttotakethephotosdownfromWikimediaCommons,awebsitethatisrunbytheorganizationandoffersfreeimages.5AccordingtoWikimedia,anyonewhodownloadsthemonkeyselfie,oranyofthemillionsofimagesonthesite,can“copyanduseanyworksherefreelyaslongastheyfollowwhattheauthorsays.”ThequestionthataroseherewaswhetherSlater,whohadnotheldthecamera,setuptheshot,orpressedtheshutter(快门)button,couldbeconsideredthephotographerofthemonkeyselfie.Wikimedia’spositiononthiswasclear:astheworkofanon-humananimal,thisphotohasnohumanauthorwhoownsthecopyright.”6Onlyauthorsofcreativeworks,likeapieceofwritingorasong,owncopyrights.Intermsofphotos,UScopyrightlawsayswhoeverpushesthebuttononthecameraownsthecopyrighttotheimageproduced,whichmeansthatiftouristsaskyoutotakeaphotoofthem,andyouhappentohittheshutterbuttonattheexactmomentthatJustinBieber,aCanadiansinger,madefacesbehindthem.You,asthephotographer,wouldhavethephoto’scopyrightandsellit.Thetourists,whoownthecameraonwhichthephotowastakenandaskedyoutotakethephotodon’tgettherighttouseitwithoutyouallowingthemto.Allthishasbeencomplicatedbytheappearanceofsurveillancecameras(监控摄像头),smartphones,andlarge-scalephotographyprojects(批量摄影项目)forwhichassistantsoftenpresstheshutterbuttontoproduceworkswhosecopyrightsbelongtotheirboss.7Slaterseemstobethinkingalongtheselines.Hesaysthatbuyingthecameras,spendingthousandsofpoundstotransporthimselftoIndonesia,andallowingthemonkeysto“steal”hiscamerasmakeshimtheauthoroftheimage,regardlessofwhopushedthebutton.“Inlaw,ifIhaveanassistantthenIstillownthecopyright,”hetoldthe“Today”Show.“Ibelieveinthiscase,themonkeywasmyassistant.”8Butifoneistobelievehisowntellingofthemonkeystealinghiscamera,Slaterdidn’taskthemonkeystotaketheselfiesandfinallytookthecameraaway.9Ifthatseemsunfair,thinkaboutthis.Ifapersonleftherlaptopinacafé,andapoetpickeditup,openedupaword-processingprogram,andtypedoutapoemwhichturnedouttobethebestpoemofthisgeneration,couldsheaskformuchmorethanherlaptopback?(605words)2Supplementarymaterials♣Mini-dictionarynon-profitnotwiththeaimofmakingmoney/aprofitgetholdoftotakeorgetsomethinginone’shandsgrinsmilebroadly,oftenwithteethrevealedlensathincurvedpieceofglassusedincameracopyrightadocumentgivingexclusiverighttopublishandsellliteraryormusicalorartisticworkintermsofinrelationtoregardlessofwithoutbeinginfluencedbysomethingassistantapersonwhohelpssomeoneinworkWorksheet1.Fillintheformandgettoknowthestructureofanargumentation.Problem_________Wikimediaopinion_______________ownsthecopyrightAlltheiropinionsarebasedon_________supportivepoints(reasons)1._______________2._______________3._______________Slateropinion_______________ownsthecopyrightsupportivepoints/(reasons)1._______________2._______________3._______________Authoropinion○Wikimedia○Slatersupportivepoints/(reasons)______________________________2.Underlinetheexpressionsthatyoufindusefulinexpressingideasandthoughtsinthistext.3.Trytousetheexpressionsyoujustfoundtoexpressyourattitudetowardstheissue.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________