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11.1.NH4HCO3NH3H2OCO22.++.N21.2.2.5.1.1.3.4.2++.1.N278O2210.94CO20.030.032.+PO2P2O5513.4.HeNeArKrXeRn5..1.3.P137100g0.1gO2CO2H2O515131.3.1.2.12ml313.4.36.5.47.8..1.+++Cu2(OH)2CO3HClCuCl2CO2H2O++Cu2(OH)2CO3H2OCO2CuO.1.2.+MgO2MgO3.1.2.3.2.1.1.1.01105183C218.4C2.5+CO2CO2+++FeO2Fe3O42...1.2.++KMnO4K2MnO4MnO2O2+H2O2H2OO2+KClO3KClO2MnO2MnO26P36P372.2.CO22.3.CO2.CO21.2.CO2++CO2Ca(OH)2CaCO3H2OCO2+CO2H2OH2CO3+H2CO3CO2H2O3.CO24..1.CO21.7+++CaCO3HClCaCl2H2OCO2.2.3.1.12+H2OH2O22.8+H2O2H2O.1.2..1.2.3.1.1.2.3.4.CO2NCl9.1.2.3.H2OCO2O2H2N2NH3HCl4.1.2.3.CSPSi4.5.+===+=6.1/12Arc121MMrArMr=ArMrCO2=121+162=44Ca(OH)2=40+(16+1)2=747.+88+826+m=m102n2n8244=8(=2).1.2.(+)()3.(OH-)(CO)(NO3)(SO4)(NH4)4.1Na+3.2.1.2.3.4.5.12OO6.Mg2+2Mg2+7.232--2-+118..1.2.3.4.5..1.202.73.3.1.2.H2OH2OH2OH2O3..1.2.3.14.05.CPSSiO2N2H2Cl2O3126.7.FeArCSiO2H2Cl2O3C60H+1O-2P+3O-2-3-2a.POb.POc.P2O3.1.2.OH3..1.SO3x1+(-2)3=0x=+62.3.=100)()r(MrA4.44gCO2C44g4412100=12g5.H16gH2Ox182=16gx=144g6.=100134.1.1.2.3..1.O2C+O2()CO2O2C+O2()CO22.COCO+O2CO23.O24.O2CO2H2OO2,CO,5.6..O2,(O2,)2..1.O22.3.4.4.21.14.1.CuSO4+NaOHCu(OH)2+Na2SO42.CaCO3+HClCaCl2+H2O+CO2.1.2..+O2CO2+H2OFe+O2Fe2O3Cu+O2CuO..64.3.1.2.3.Fe+O2Fe3O43Fe+2O2====Fe3O43Fe+2O2====Fe3O4CaCO3+2HCl====CaCl2+H2O+CO2CuSO4+2NaOH====Na2SO4+Cu(OH)24.5.15CHOO2C2H2+25O2====2CO2+H2O2C2H2+5O2====4CO2+2H2O6.+=.1.2.CO2CO28.8gCaCO3xCaCO3+2HCl====CaCl2+H2O+CO210044X8.8ggxgx8.8441008.844100X=20g20g5.1.1.AuCuZnHg2.AuAgPtFeAlCuAlWAl3.2Mg+O2====MgO3Fe+2O2====Fe3O4162Cu+O2====2CuO4Al+3O2====2Al2O3Mg+2HCl====MgCl2+H22Al+6HCl====2AlCl3+3H2Fe+HCl====FeCl2+H2Zn+2HCl====ZnCl2+H2CuSO4Fe+CuSO4====Cu+FeSO44.,,5.KCaNaMgAlZnFeSnPb(H)CuHgAgPtAuKCaNa6.Zn+H2SO4====ZnSO4+H2MgAlFeHClH2.1.2.3.P1204.24.30.0325.5.2.1.2.Fe2O3Fe3O4FeS2FeCO3Cu2OCu2(OH)2CO33.17.1.3CO+Fe2O3====2Fe+3CO2COCOCOCO22.3CO+Fe2O3====2Fe+3CO2C+O2====CO2CO2+C====2CO3CO+Fe2O3====2Fe+3CO2CO5.3.1.O2H2O2.Fe2O33.O2H2O4..1.2.3.18H2H2H2H26.1.1.2.3.4.5.6.7..NH4NO3NaOHCaO.1.2.196.2.1.2.3.m=m+m4.,5.6..1.2.100mm4gNaOH46g81004644ggg3.++4.++=1005.M=m+mm=V.1.150g15=50g15=7.5gV=50g7.5g1g/ml=42.5ml7.5gNaCl50ml42.5mlNacl2.202371.18g/ml50g5V1.18g/ml37=50g5V=5.7mlml2.43ml/g1375g50g50ml/g1ml/g18.1ml7.5g50V10ml50ml5.7ml43.2ml310200g981.84g/mlmlmlV1.84g/ml98=200g10V=11.1mlml6.179ml/g19810g200g200ml/g1ml/g84.1ml1.11g200V==+6.3.1.2.3.Ca(OH)2Ca(OH)2KNO3.1.100g212.3.20SSS10g1gS10g0.01gS1gS0.01g4.tSStSStKNO3StNaClStCa(OH)25.PtSPtPStPS.1.2.SS3.KNO3NaClKNO3KNO3NaClKNO3NaClNaCl227.1.1.H+HClH2SO4HNO3H2CO3OHNaOHCa(OH)2KOHNH4OH()NH4NaClKaCO3CuSO4NH4NO32.CuSO4Na2CO33..1.2.pH0714pH=7pH7pHpH7pH3.pHpHpHPH4.PHpH.1.PH2.pH5.6pH=5.6CO27.2.HClH2SO4HNO3C2H4O2CH3COOH1.+23HCl(HCl)(HNO3)HClH2SO42.H2SO4(3.H+++H2(H2SO4HNO3)Zn+H2SO4====ZnSO4+H2++H2O6HCl+Fe2O3====2FeCl2+3H2O3H2SO4+Fe2O3====Fe2(SO4)+3H2OH2SO4+CuO====CuSO4+3H2O++H2O+CO2CaCO3+2HCl====CaCl2+H2O+CO2H2SO4+Ba2+BaSO4+H2SO4+Ba(NO3)2BaSO4+2HNO3HCl+Ag+AgCl+HCl+AgNO3AgCl+HNO3++H2OHCl+NaOH====NaCl+H2O4.H2SO4H2SO4H2SO45..NaOHCa(OH)2NH4OH(NH2H2O)1.NaOHCa(OH)2Cao+H2O====Ca(OH)2CaoNH4OHNH32.OH++()CO2,SO2,SO32NaOH+CO2====Na2CO3+H2OCO211111224Ca(OH)2+CO2====CaCO3+H2OCO2NaOHCO2Ca(OH)2CO2NaOHCa(OH)2+HCl++Ca(OH)2+2HCl====CaCl2+H2OAl(OH)3+3HCl====AlCl3+3H2O++()2NaOH+CuSO4====Cu(OH)2+Na2SO4NaOH+FeCl2====Fe(OH)3+3NaCl3.4.NaOHCa(OH)2CuSO4+Ca(OH)2====Cu(OH)2+CaSO4NH4OH25.1.2.++3.4.5.pHNaOH+pH726HClpH7+HClpH=76.Ca(OH)2Mg(OH)2Al(OH)37.3.1.2.3.+HClpH727NaClCl2NaOHNa2CO3H2SO4HClHNO3NaHCO3CaCO3CaCO3====CaO+CO24.++()KCaNaFe+CuSO4====FeSO4+CuCu+2AgNO3====Cu(NO3)2+2Ag++NaCO3+2HCl====NaCl+H2O+CO2H2CO3AgNO3+HCl====AgCl+HNO328H2SO4+BaCl2====BaSO4+HCl++Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2====CaCO3+2NaOH++NaCl+AgNO3====AgCl+NaNO3NaSO4+BaCl2====BaSO4+2NaClCaCl2+NaCO3====CaCO3+2NaCl5.6.2324,,COSOCl29Cl+AgNO3+HNO324SO+Ba(NO3)2(BaCl2)30+HNO323CO+HCl+31.1.2.NPKNCO(NH2)2NH4NH4HCO3NH4NO3NH4ClNH4SO4NO3NaNO3NH4NO3KKClK2SO4PNPKKNO3NH4H2PO43.N2N2O232N2H2NH34.5.(4NH)33+NaOHCa(OH)2NH3+NH4NO3+NaOH=====NaNO3+NH3+H2ONH4OH(NH4)2SO4+2NaOH====NaSO4+2NH3+2H2O