搜索
1Grammarsentences2句子成分PartsoftheSentence3概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。4句子成份★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·5Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplementpredicate主·宾·表补定·状·谓6主语（subject）主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。7主语（subject）:句子的主体，全句述说的对象，一般位于句首•Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）•Helikesdancing.（代词）•Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)•Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）8讲述“谁”Weworkinabigfactory.讲述“什么”Theclassroomisverybig.数词作主语Threeareenough.三个人就够了不定式作主语TooperateontheblindisoneoftheORBISDoctor’sjob.从句作主语Whatweneedisfood.我们最需要的是食物.在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.9在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.10•Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）•Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）•Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.形式主语真正主语It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree11•Therichshouldhelpthepoor.名词化的形容词12•1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.•2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语！13指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.•介词不能作主语②Thereisanoldmancominghere.•Thereisanappleonthetable.•Anappleisthereonthetable.14•③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.15•找出下面句子的主语•1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.•2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.•3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测16•单选：•1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.•A.areB.wasC.isD.were•2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.•A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing•3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.•A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They17谓语（predicate）：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。常置于主语后。由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。18Heisverygenerous.ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.19谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。•Iloveyou!•Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.•Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.20•Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.•Howoftendoyougoshopping?•Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成21•Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.•Hehascaughtabadcough.•Wearesudents.•Thatideasoundsgreat!•复合谓语：1.情态动词\助动词+v•2.系动词+adj.22•Openthedoor,please!•Goandgetsomewaterforme.•Don’tlaughatothers!•Don’tcomebacklatetonight.•祈使句：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形23找出下列句子的谓语•①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.•②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.•③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?•⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?24•⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.•⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.•⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.•⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?•11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!25•按要求找出下列句子的主谓：•1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）•2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）•3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主谓）•4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）•5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）•6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you26•1.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?•A.finishB.finishing•C.tofinishD.finished•2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.•A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish27•3.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.•A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets•4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.•A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets•5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?•A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj.28表语（predicative）：说明主语是说明或怎么样，由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。它的位置在系动词后面。29形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore.名词作表语Myfatherisateacher.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.30宾语（object）:表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。31如：名词作宾语Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.代词做宾语Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.从句做宾语Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.32直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。33宾语的补足语（objectcomplement）在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.34名词作宾补Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.形容词作宾补Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding.带to的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.35在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?36“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,