七年级语法总结1、目前所学的动词的形式有4种:①动词原形;如:do;have;like②动词的三单式(常在动词原形后加s);如:get-gets③动词不定式(to+动词原形);如:meet-tomeet④动词ing式(动词原形后加ing)如:look-looking2、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语Wouldyoulike+to+动词原形?(你想要……吗?)Howabout+动词ing?(……怎么样?……好不好?)Whatabout+动词ing?(……怎么样?……好不好?)Whynot+动词原形?(为什么不……呢?)Whydon’tyou+动词原形?(你为什么不……呢?)Let’s+动词原形.(让我们……吧。)表示同意、答应:①Yes,I’dliketo./Oh,I’dloveto.②Allright/OK.③Great!④Sure.⑤Goodidea!⑥Thanks.I’llbegladto⑦Thanks.Thatwouldbeverynice.⑧I’dlikethat.表示不同意、拒绝:①No,thanks.②Sorry,Ican’t.③I’dliketo.ButI’mafraidIcan’t/Ihavenotime.3、目前学过的情态动词有can,may,could,would和will等五个。学好情态动词必须把握三个用法:①后必须跟动词原形;②没有三单式(其后不能加s);③可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句;可以在情态动词后面加上not构成否定句。4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式(to+动词原形)的有:①wouldliketo+动词原形(想要做某事);wantto+动词原形(想要做某事);②forgetto+动词原形(忘记要做某事);③liketo+动词原形(喜欢做某事);loveto+动词原形(喜欢做某事)④asksb.to+动词原形.(请/叫某人做某事)tellsb.to+动词原形.(告诉/叫某人做某事)wouldlikesb.to+动词原形.(想叫某人做某事)wantsb.to+动词原形.(想叫某人做某事)⑤haveto+动词原形(必须/不得不做某事)⑥Nice/Glad/happyto+动词原形(很高兴做某事)如:Nicetomeetyou.I’mgladtobehere.5、目前学过的后跟动词原形的有:①情态动词:can,may,could,would,will后;②助动词do,don’t,does,doesn’t后(does,doesn’t一出现,三单式要滚蛋);③动词please(请)后:如:Pleasetellhimaboutthepicnic.④短语Whynot…/Whydon’tyou…后;⑤动词let后;如:LetJanehelpyou.Let’sgohome.⑥动词help后,也可带to;如:Let’shelpMaria(to)carrywater.⑦祈使句以动词原形开头,如:Haveaseat,please.请坐下。6、目前学过的后跟动词ing的有:①Be动词后的动词;如:Areyoukidding.......?I’mjustlooking........ThisisMichaelspeaking....②所有的介词后;已学过的介词有:at,for,about,in,on,from,of,to,with,after等。如:Whatabout+动词ing?—Whataboutflying......akitewithme?Howabout+动词ing?—Howaboutgoing.....fishingthisSunday?It’stimeforgoing.....home=It’stimetogohome.Thankyouforhelping.......me=Thankyouforyourhelp..③go+动词ing——gofishing去钓鱼;goshopping去购物④dosomeshopping购物⑤like/love+动词ing(喜欢做某事)7、有单复数变化的词①名词(1)名词单数变复数的方法1)大部分在词尾加s.如:dog---dogs2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的加es.如:class---classesbus---busesglass---glassesbox---boxeswatch---watches(手表)fish---fishes3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,加es.baby---babies(婴儿)family---families(家庭)study---studies(书房)fly---flies(蝇子)注意:boy---boysplay---playstoy---toysway---waysmonkey---monkeys4)以f,fe结尾的,变f,fe为v,加es.half---halves(一半)knife---knives(小刀)yourself(你自己)---yourselves(你们自己)(2)特殊变化的词1)a变e:man—men(男子)woman—women(女子)snowman---snowmen(雪人)Englishman---Englishmen(英国人)Englishwoman---Englishwomen(英国妇女)2)o变e:foot---feet(脚)tooth---teeth(牙齿)3)单复数同形:Chinese---Chinese(中国人)fish---fish(鱼)yuan---yuan(人民币元)4)mouse—mice(老鼠)child—children(儿童)5)合成词中一般变后面的词:appletree---appletrees(苹果树)但下列需前后都变:manteacher---menteachers(男教师)womandoctor---womendoctors(女医生)6)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people(人们)police(警察们)本身就是复数,family指“全家人”时,本身也是复数,它们都不能加s.如:TheChinesepeopleareverykind.中国人民都很友好。Kangkang’sfamilyarealltallandthin.康康全家人都又高又瘦。②be动词:单数am,is;复数are③行为动词:复数:动词原形单数:在行为动词后加s或es(即动词的三单式)。如:Maria.....likesmilk.(likes是三单式,为单数)MariaandJane............likemilk.(like是动词原形,为复数)④指示代词单数:this这个that那个复数:these这些those那些8.名词+’s所有格单数名词后直接加“’s”:Jim’scoat吉姆的外套Jeff’smother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’”Teachers’Day教师节thetwins’books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“’s”Children’sDay儿童节men’sshoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’sLucyandLily’smother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’sLucy’sandKate’srooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)9、人称代词和物主代词表人称代词主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem中文我我们你,你们他她它他们物主代词形容词性myouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyourshishersitstheirs中文我的我们的你的;你们的他的她的它的他们的用法:①人称代词主格:作主语,常放在句首;②人称代词宾格:作宾语,放在动词和介词后;③形容词性物主代词:后有名词时,用形容词性;(有名则形)④名词性物主代词:后无名词时,用名词性。(无名则名)10.句子的成分①主语:是句子要说明的人和物,是动作的发出者,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。主语由名词,代词担任。②谓语:说明主语的动作。只有动词才作谓语,一般放在主语之后。③宾语:是动作的接受者。放在动词或介词后。由名词,代词担任。如:MichaeloftenlooksafterhissisterathomeonSunday.主语谓语宾语11.三单问题①总则:主语是第三人称单数时,动词(谓语)要用三单式。如:Hegetsupatsix。由于主语He是第三人称单数,动词get后要s,即gets是三单式。②可以作第三人称单数主语(三单主语)的有:(1)he,she,it;(2)单个的人;单个的物。③动词三单式的构成(1)特殊的:be—ishave—has(2)有规律的:1)大部分在词尾加s;如:get—getstake--takesneed-needsknow—knows2)以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es;如:guess—guesses(猜)watch--watches(看)teach―teaches(教)fish-fishes(钓鱼)go-goes(去)do-does3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,加es.如:study→studies(学习)fly→flies(飞,放)carry→carries(提)worry—worries(担心)注意:buy-buyssay-saysplay-plays12.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词的用法意思用法例句who谁问人的身份,姓名等HeisLiLieWhoishe?Heismybrother.Whoishe?whom谁问人的身份,姓名等(问宾语)Icanaskhimthequestion.Whomcanyouaskthequestion?what什么问人的职业或事物是什么Heisaworker.Whatishe?Hehasabook.Whatdoeshehave?which哪一个问一定范围内特指的人或物Thebigboxismine.Whichboxisyours?ThegirlatthedoorisAnn.WhichgirlisAnn?whose谁的问所属关系Thisisherbook.Whosebookisthis?Thisbookishers.whatcolor什么颜色问颜色(表语)Myskirtisred.Whatcolorisyourskirt?Whattime几点问点时间Weplaygamesatfiveintheafternoon?Whattimedoyouplaygames?when什么时候问时间Weplaygamesintheafternoon?Whendoyouplaygames?where什么地方问地点(状语)WeplaygamesathomeonSunday。WheredoyouplaygamesonSunday?why为什么问原因Heisn'tatschooltodaybecauseheisill.Whyisn'theatschooltoday?how怎样问健康状况、做事的方式等Heisfine/strong.Howishe?Igohomebybike.Howdoyougohome?howold多大几岁问年龄Heisten.Howoldishe?howmany多少跟复数名词,问数量Therearethirtyboysinmyclass.Howmanyboysarethereinyourclass?howmuch多少跟不可数名词问数量或价钱Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Howmuchmilkisthereinthebottle?howfar多远问路程It'sfivekilometersawayfromhereHowfarisitfromhere?howsoon多久问in+一段时间Hecanfinishitinhalfanhour.Howsooncanhefinishit?howlong多久问一段时间,问物体的长短Hehaslive