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虚拟语气英语有两种语气——陈述语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气表示事实上发生的事情或客观存在的情况。虚拟语气表示假定、想象、愿望等非事实观念。Ⅰ.虚拟语气在条件句中主要有以下几种情况。(1).表达与现在的事实相反的假设或想象：条件从句主句If+主语+过去式，主语+should/would+动词原形If+主语+were，主语+would/should+动词原形(其中，should用于第一人称，would可用于各个人称。)IfIhadenoughmoney,Ishould/wouldbuyacamera.IfIwererich,Iwouldhelpthepoor.(2).表达与过去事实相反的假设或想象：条件从句主句If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should/wouldhave+过去分词IfIhadhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtacar.（=Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,soIdidn’tbuyit.）Ifithadnotrainedyesterday,weshouldhavegonefishing.(3)表达与将来事实相反的假设或想象，有三种形式：①条件从句主句If+主语+should+动词原形，主语+should/would+动词原形(表示可能性极小“万一”)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgo.注意：if从句的动词形式不分人称与数，一律用“should+动词原形”②条件从句主句If+主语+wereto+动词原形，主语+should/would+动词原形IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.倘若我要出国，我就到美国。③条件从句主句If+主语+动词过去式，主语+should/would+动词原形Ifhewenttotheparty,hewouldbedisappointed.(4)在条件状语从句中，常会出现主句所表示的行为所发生的时间与从句表示的行为的时间不一致，叫做错综时间虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致。如从句指过去，而主句却指现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadgonetobedearlylastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavegonetothepartylastnight.(5)假设情况不用if从句来表示，而是用without,butfor,otherwise,or,but等表示一种含蓄条件。表示与现在或将来相反，用“would(should,could,might)+动词原形”；表示与过去相反用“would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词”Iknewmyuncledidhavenotime.Otherwisehewouldhavekeptmecompanytogohiking.例1：We______John'snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.(2011·江西卷28)A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput例2:I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(2011·陕西卷22)A.couldn'thavegoneB.didn'tgoC.wouldn'tgoD.hadn'tgone(5)条件从句if的省略：当从句中有were，过去分词had,或should时，if经常省略。此时，主语后面的主动词（were，had，should等）被移至句首。WereIabird,Iwouldflytoyou.=IfIwereabird,Iwouldflytoyou,Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.=Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Iwouldnotgothere.例:______inyourposition,Iwouldgo.A.IfIB.WereIC.IfwasID.IfIamⅡ用在从句中的虚拟语气⒈宾语从句中的应用（1）wish后的宾语从句：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的主观愿望，常用“would(could)+动词原形”。IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion..IwishedIhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.Iwishitwouldstopraining.Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.例：—Wherearethechildren?—Iwishthey______alwayslate.(2011·北京卷28)A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.wouldn'thavebeen(2)在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire,demand,advice,insist,require,suggest,propose,order,recommend,decide…)后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediately.Theheadnurseinsistedthatthepatientnotbemove.【注意】(1)suggest意为“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气.Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasinpoorhealth.(2)insist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Heinsistedthathedidnotkilltheboy.2.主语从句中的应用Itis+形容词/名词/过去分词+that引导的主语从句，主语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”。常用形容词有：necessary,important,essential,imperative,urgent,preferable,vital,advisable等常用名词有：duty,pity,regret,nowonder,shame等。常用过去分词有：demanded,suggested,required,requested,ordered,decided等Itissuggestedthatpupils(should)wearschooluniforms.Itisimportantthateveryone(should)informthemselvesoftheserules.Itisapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer3.表语从句中的应用上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词构成表语从句，要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”.常用名词形式有：advice,decision,demand,proposal,request,order,suggestion等。Hissuggestionwasthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气1.在It's(high/about)time“该干某事了”之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式.Itishightimethatyouwenttoschool.2.虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would(could)+动词原形”Hefeltasifhewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.Evenifshehadbeenill,shewouldhavegonetoheroffice.3.ifonly引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气表示与现在或未来事情相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式或would/should+动词原形表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式。LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice.IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek.4.would（had）rather,wouldsooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。表示与现在或未来事情相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式.表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式.Iwouldratherhewentrightnow.补充：“情态动词+havedone”的用法musthavedone表示对过去事情的肯定推测。can't/couldn'thavedone表示对过去所发生的事情所做的否定推测。mayhavedone表示过去所发生的事情作可能性推测。might/couldhavedone表示对过去所发生的事情作可能性推测，或者表示本来可以做而事实上未做的事情。should/oughttohavedone表示本应该做的事情而事实上未做，含有对对方的责备。needn'thavedone表示做了本不应该做的事情。例1：They______havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.(2011·新课标卷32)A.willB.canC.mustD.should例2：—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.(2011·江苏卷34)A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen语法专项练习：1.ButforthehelpofJohn,he_____lastnight.A.shouldhavedrownedB.wouldhavedrownedC.wasdrownedD.mayhavedrowned2.Ifit_____finetomorrow,wewouldgoforaswiminthesea.A.wouldbeB.shouldbeC.isD.wasto3.Hesufferedasuddenheartattackandherwifefoundhimdeadwhenshegothomefromwork.But_____.A.ifhiswifecamebackearlier,hemightbesavedB.ifhiswifehadcomebackearlier,hemightbesavedC.ifhiswifecamebackearlier,hemighthavebeensavedD.ifhiswifehadcomebackearlier,hemighthavebeensaved4.Iwouldrathershe_____tomorrowthanbyplane.A.travelontrainB.traveledbytrainC.travelsbytrainD.travellingbythetrain5.Howoldwouldyou_____ifyou_____in1900?A.be;hadbeenbornB.be;wouldbebornC.havebeen;wouldbebornD.havebeen;were6.____