英语写作表逻辑关系的关联词培训资料

1.表顺承、补充与递进1.表顺承、补充与递进:and;what’smore;besides;moreover;furthermore;inaddition;additionally;further（而且，况且）;similarly;also;either;too;what’sworse;ontheonehand...，ontheotherhand...；tomakematters/thingsworse(使事情更糟的是).如：Idon’twanttogo;besides,I’mtootired.Therentisreasonable,andmoreover,thelocationisperfect.2.表转折2.表转折：but;however;yet;instead;onthecontrary（相反地）;nevertheless（然而）;otherwise;afterall(毕竟).Eg:It’stoohottogoforawalk,let’sgoswimminginstead.3.表因果(1)引出原因3.表因果：(1)引出原因:for;as;since;nowthat;because;thanks/owing/dueto;becauseof;onaccountof;asaresult/consequenceof;inconsequenceof;resultfrom（vt，由…引起）;Eg:Weshouldbemorecareful,foritisalreadydark.Let’sstayathome,forit’sraininghardoutside.(2)引出结果(2)引出结果:so;therefore;thus;hence;asaresult/consequence;inconsequence;consequently;accountfor（v，是…的原因）;resultin（vt，导致）;leadto（vt，导致）;bringabout（vt，导致）;cause（vt，导致）;sothat(以致);(so…)that;(祈使句+)and/or/otherwise（+句子）Eg:Thesebirdsareveryrareandthereforeprotectedbylaw.4.表让步4.表让步:although;though;while;evenif/though;while;as倒装句；疑问词-ever;nomatter+疑问词;despite;inspiteof;however;inanycase;Eg:WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.FailasIdid,Iwouldnevergiveup.5.表目的5.表目的:inorderto/that;soasto;forfearthat;sothat(以便);lest;incase（以防，以免）.Eg:Heranawaylestheshouldbeseen.Shetookanumbrellawithherforfear(that)itmightrain.6.表条件6.表条件:if;unless;once(一旦,用于将来动作);so/aslongas（只要）;suppose(that);supposingthat;providing(that);provided(that);assuming(that);giventhat;onconditionthat（如果）;incase+句子;incaseof+名词（万一）.Eg:Giventhatthepatientshavesomedisabilities,wewilltrytoenablethemtobeasindependentaspossible.IncaseJohncomes,pleasetellhimtowait.Youmayborrowthebook,onconditionthatyoudonotlendittoanyoneelse.7.表时间7.表时间:before;after;when;while;as;since;until;till;theweek/year;bythetime;;assoonas;themoment/minute/instant/second/time+句子;nosooner…than…;hardly/scarcely…when…;on/upon+名词/动名词;eversince（从那时以来）;fromthenon;lately;recently;later;afterwards;Eg:We’llleavetheminuteyouareready.Ihadhardlycomehomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIcomehomewhenitbegantorain.8．表示特定的顺序关系8．表示特定的顺序关系：tobeginwith;initially;firstofall;firstly;first;secondly;second;then;next;finally;intheend;eventually;lastbutnotleast；atlast;Eg:Andaboveall,remembertosendusyournewaddress.FirstlyI’llmentiontheadvantage,thenI’lltalkaboutthedisadvantages.9.换一种方式表达9.换一种方式表达：inotherwords;thatistosay;toputitanotherway.Eg:Let’sgobacktotheoriginalplan,thatistosay,yougoaheadbyplaneandwe’llfollowbycarwiththeequipment.Yourperformanceintheexamdidn’treachtherequiredstandard—inotherwords,youfailed.10.进行举例说明10.进行举例说明：forinstance;forexample;like;foronething...，foranother...;inparticular；agoodexample(of...)wouldbe...；suchas.Eg:We’veplantedlotsofdifferentflowers,suchasroses,carnations.11.用于陈述事实11.用于陈述事实：infact;inreality;asamatteroffact;actually;totellyouthetruth.Eg:Shesaysit’sagoodfilm.Actually,shehasn’tseenitatall.Totellyouthetruth,whowillgotothemeetingisnotimportant.12.对一个话题进行总结12.对一个话题进行总结：onthewhole;inshort;allinall;ingeneral;inbrief；tosumup；inconclusion;insummary；toconclude；inaword.Eg:Onthewhole,theareaofdesertintheworldisgrowingeveryyear.Inshort,thefilmwasthebestI’veeverseen.2.文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头,“承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。（1）用于“启”的过渡词语用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头：：first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tobeingwith,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,Itisoftensaidthat…,Astheproverbsays…,Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…,Itisclear/obviousthat…,Manypeopleoftenask…（2）用于“承”的过渡词语表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中：second,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,whatisworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,especially,particularly,inparticular,indeed,still,third,truly,infact,atthesametime,nodoubt，Itistruethat…,Everybodyknowsthat…,Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat…,Noonecandenythat…Thereasonwhy…isthat…,Thereisnodoubtthat…,Totake…foranexample(instance)…,Weknowthat…,Whatismoreseriousisthat…（3）用于“转”的过渡词语用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中：but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inanycase,atanyrate,nevertheless(虽然如此),otherwise,or,orelse,while,whereas,but,despite,inspiteof...,yet,instead,Idonotbelievethat…,Perhapsyou’llaskwhy…Thismaybetrue,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto…,Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith…,yetdifferenceswillbefound,That’swhyIfeelthat…（4）用于“合”的过渡词语用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking，tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,therefore,asaresult,aboveall,thus，afterall(毕竟),eventually,hence,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,insum,onthewhole(就整体而言),tosumupFromthispointofview…Onaccountofthiswecanfindthat…Theresultisdependenton…Thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust…TVandwebsiteTVandwebsitearepopularmedia.Theyhavesomethingincommon.Bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.Websitesalsohavedifferentsections.Youmaychoosetheoneyouaremostinterestedin.Theyaredifferentinmanyways.MovingpicturesareshownonTVw