U1-Never-Give-in.Never-Never-Never

Unit1TextI：NeverGivein.Never,Never,NeverPre-readingQuestions•DoyouknowwhenandhowWorldWarIIbrokeout?Whatelsedoyouknowaboutit?WorldWarII,ortheSecondWorldWar,themostwidespreadwarinhistory,lastedfrom1939to1945andinvolvedmostoftheworld’snationswhichformedtwoopposingmilitaryalliances,theAllies(协约国)andtheAxis/theCentralPower(同盟国).Culturalinformation1Thewarbeganon1September,1939,withtheinvasionofPolandbyGermanyandSlovakia,andsubsequentdeclarationsofwaronGermanybyFranceandmostofthecountriesoftheBritishEmpireandCommonwealth.DuringWorldWarII,whichcountrieswerethemainAllies(协约国）,andwhichthemaintheAxis/CentralPowers（同盟国）?ThemainAllieswereBritain,France,Russia,andtheUS,whilethemainCentralPowers,Germany,Italy,andJapan.Fromlate1939toearly1941,inaseriesofcampaignsandtreaties,GermanyconqueredorsubduedmuchofcontinentalEurope.BritainandtheCommonwealthremainedtheonlymajorforcecontinuingthefightagainsttheAxisinNorthAfricaandinextensivenavalwarfare.Nazi['nɑ:tsi:]---advocateofNazismfascist---fascismdictator•aformofsocialismfeaturingracismandexpansionismandobediencetoastrongleaderAdolphHitler•Mussolini:[musə'li:ni(:)]•LeaderofItalianfascistsanddictator•mikado:[mi'ka:dou]---monarchofJapan•朕深鉴于世界大势及帝国之现状,欲採取非常之措施,收拾时局,兹告尔等臣民,朕已饬令帝国政府通告美､英､中､苏四国,愿接受其联合公告｡JosephStalinFranklinD.RooseveltWinstonChurchillWinstonChurchillSirWinstonChurchill(1874—1965)wasaBritishpoliticianandstatesmanknownforhisleadershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar(WWII)andhissuccessinleadinghiscountryfromthebrinkofdefeattovictory.HeservedasPrimeMinistertwice(1940—1945and1951—1955)andiswidelyregardedasoneofthegreatwartimeleaders.Moreover,heistheonlyBritishprimeministertohavereceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature(1953),andthefirstpersontohavebeenrecognizedasanhonorarycitizenoftheUnitedStates.Who,where,when,why?ThistextisaninspiringspeechmadebyWinstonChurchill,whenhevisitedHarrowSchoolonOctober29,1941.在灰暗的日子里我们称赞您绝不吝啬，我们民族的领袖，丘吉尔的名字必将赢得世代传颂。先生，因为在危难时刻您所展现的力量捍卫了我们的自由！先生，虽然战斗漫长，但我们知道正义最后总会胜利！Para.1:WhatwasChurchill'sintentionofsingingsomeoftheirsongs?AttheinitialstageoftheSecondWorldWar,GreatBritainwasfightinginisolationagainstNaziFascists.SomeBritishpeopledoubtedwhethertheirnationcouldwinthewarwiththeirownefforts.ChurchillwantedtoconveytheconvictionofthegovernmenttotheBritishpeoplethroughthesesongsandencouragethemnottogivein.atone’sinvitation:inresponseto1.应胡景涛主席的邀请，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。-AttheinvitationofChairmanHuJingtao,PresidentoftheUnitedStateswillpayastatevisittoChina.atone’srequest/suggestion/commandservice/disposal/convenience/pleasuredisaster,calamity,catastrophe(referringtoaneventhavingfatalorruinousresults“灾难”)disaster:generallyimpliesgreatdestruction,hardship,orlossoflife不可预测的意外事件所造成的灾难或不幸e.g.naturaldisasters:agreatfloodorfire,anearthquake;aseriousdefeatinwar;thelossofalargesumofmoneyadj.disastrousdisaster,calamity,catastrophe(referringtoaneventhavingfatalorruinousresults“灾难”)calamity:emphasizesdistress,grief,orthesenseoflosse.g.Hisbecomingblindwasagreatcalamitytohisfamily.adj.calamitousdisaster,calamity,catastrophe(referringtoaneventhavingfatalorruinousresults“灾难”)catastrophe:especiallystressesthesenseofatragicfinaloutcome指“突然而来造成极大苦难及毁灭的大灾难”或“异常的灾祸”,含“最终结局无法补偿之意”e.g.Nocatastrophecanbeworsethanthewar.adj.catastrophicupsanddowns:alternatingperiodsofgoodandbadfortuneorspirits.1.我感到很幸运,人生无论得意失意,总有你相伴在身旁。-Ifeelluckytohaveyouthatstaytogetherwithmethroughupsanddownsinmylife.2.回首过去的一百年,两国关系跌宕起伏。-Thepastcenturyhasseenupsanddownsoftherelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.lulln.:arelativelycalminterval;anintervaloflessenedactivityalullinsales/conversation/wind1.这只是暴风雨前的暂时平静。-Thisisjustthelullbeforethestorm.2.经过两星期的间歇以后，地面战斗又突然爆发了。-Groundfightingbroke/burstoutagainafteratwo-weeklull.lullv.:1)causetosleeporrest2)makeorbecomecalmorlessactive1.我们花了一整夜时间才把婴儿哄睡着。-Ittookusthewholenighttolullthebabytosleep.2.时间和空间上的远距离有一种奇妙的力量，可以使人的心灵平静。-Greatdistanceineithertimeorspacehaswonderfulpowertolullthehumanmind.turnup:1)happenunexpectedly2)makeone’sappearance,arrive1.只要仔细观察,有耐心,你就总会有所收获。-Justlookcarefullyandbepatient,andsomethingwillturnup.2.我们请她吃饭她都不露面。-Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidn'tevenbothertoturnup/showup.therehasbeenalonglullwithnothingparticularturningup.Pharaphrase:Britainhasbeenintoolongaperiodofstillnesswithouttakinganyparticularactiontofightagainsttheenemy.TextstructurePart1(para1)openingremarksinwhichChurchillsummarizedthegreateventsthathadhappenedintheworldwithGreatBritaininparticularandthentalkedaboutthepurposeofhisvisit---toencouragethewholenationtofightagainsttheNazis.TextstructurePartII(para2-5)itisthebodyofthespeechinwhichheanalyzedtheworldsituationandhowothercountrieslookedatBritainandthencalledontheBritainpeoplenottogivein.Para.2:WhatdidChurchillmeanbysayingwemustlearntobeequallygoodatwhatisshortandsharpandwhatislongandtough?BysayingthishemeanttomaketheBritishpeoplefullyawarethattheyshouldnotonlybeabletofightandwinshortandquickbattlesbutalsobereadytofightandwinhardandenduringwars.bringup:1)raiseoreducate(esp.passive)2)makesbfaceorconfrontsth1.他从小就受到尊敬师长的教育。-Hewa