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句子的构成句子成分•主语subject•谓语predicate•宾语object•表语predicative•宾补complement•定语attribute•状语adverbial•同位语appositive1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。名词主格代词数词动词不定式动名词the+形容词句子㈡谓语•谓语:简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成,一般在主语之后。•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shehasfinishedthehomework.•1.Thesunrose.•2.Whocares?•3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.•4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.•5.Whoknowstheanswer?•6.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.•7.Heenjoysreading.•8.HesaidGoodmorning.●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Heaskedwherehewas.（三）宾语宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughtmesomeflowers.(四)宾语补足语•宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•DoyouhearTomsinging?•Hemadehimselfunderstood.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.•Pleasemakeyourselfathome.•Pleasekeepthedogout.•Wemustkeepitasecret.形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词短语副词名词(五)定语•Heisacleverboy.•Theyarebuildingastonebridge.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•DoyouknownBetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.•Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.（六）状语•用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.•Healwayscomeslatetoschool.•Hewent.•Hewentthere.•Hewentthereyesterday.•Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday.•Hewenttheretoseehismotherbybikeyesterday.（七）表语•在系动词后的部分就是表语•常见的系动词有:•Be动词(am,is,are)•感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,look•变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come•状态系动词seem,keep,remain,stay,appear.1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.5.Whowasthefirst?6.Heisoutofcondition.7.ThebookiswhatIneed.8.Theappletastesgood.八、同位语同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批“学生”)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的“我们”)句子分类简单句复合句并列复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定语从句状语从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。五大基本句型•一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)•二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)•三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)•四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)•五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如:Wecome.Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词)1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│Ｐ(表语)1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语)1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.4.He│said│“Goodmorning.”5.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.基本句型四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。--Givemeacupofteaplease.--Giveacupofteatomeplease.givesbsth=givesthtosbＳ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Hebroughtyouadictionary.3.Ishowedhimmypictures.4.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.5.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.名词形容词介词短语动词不定式动名词Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│Ｏ(宾语)│Ｃ(宾补)1.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.3.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.4.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.5.Isawthemgettingonthebus.a.ＳＶb.ＳＶＰc.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶｏＯe.ＳＶＯＣ1.Pleastellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____5.Pleaselookatthepicture._____dabecExercises:分析句子结构•Youareastudent.•Hefelthappytoday.•Whatyousaidmademehappy.•CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?•Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.•Helikespopmusic.划分句子成分1.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.4.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.1.Youwilltell（your）friendthatyou’vegottoschool.2.But[asthemoongavefartoomuchlight],Ididn’tdareopenawindow.3.[Anothertimefivemonthsago],IhappenedtobeUpstairs[atdusk](whenthewindowwasopen).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,thewind,thethunderingCloudsheldme[entirely]intheirpower.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语原因状语主语谓语宾语状语一)挑出下列句中的宾语①