初中英语知识点1、现在进行时表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am,is,are)+动词ing.如:Itisrainingnow.外面正在下雨Itissixo’clocknow.现在6点了Myparentsarereadingnewspapersinthesittingroom.我父母正在客厅看报纸Look!Thechildrenarehavingarunningracenow.看!孩子们正在赛跑问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not.2、一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often,usually,sometimes,always,everyday(weekyear…)onSundays等词连用。结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she,it,Tom,mymother,theboy等词时,动词后加s或es.如:WehaveanEnglishlessoneveryday.我们每天都要上英语课Dotheboysrunfasterthanthegirls?Yes,theydo.男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的问句借助于do,does否定句借助于don’t,doesn’t,后面动词一定要还原。3、一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与justnow;amomentago;…ago;yesterday;last(week;month;year;Monday;weekend);thismorning等词连用。结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was;were)或主语+动词的过去式。注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如:Myearphoneswereonthegroundjustnow.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。Wherewereyoulastweek?Iwasatacamp.你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Ivisitedafarm你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。4、一般将来时表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow,nextweek(year;Tuesday…),thisweek(weekend;evening;afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am,is,are)goingto+动原或主语+will+动原。如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Iamgoingtohaveapicnic.你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。Thechildrearegoingtohaveasportsmeetingnextweek.孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。Tomwill/isgoingtoseeaplaywithhisfatherthisevening.Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.5、情态动词can;can’t;should;shouldn’t;must;may后一定加动词原形。如:Thegirlcan’tswim,butshecanskate.女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰Don’ttalkinclass,youshouldlistentotheteachercarefully.不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。6、祈使句肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。如:Opentheboxforme,please.请为我打开盒子。LiuTao!Pleasegetupearliertomorrow.刘涛,明天请早点起床!Don’twalkonthegrass!不要在草地上走!Helen!Don’tclimbthetree,please.海伦!不要爬树。7、go的用法去干嘛用go+动词ing如:goswimming;gofishing;goskating;gocamping;gorunning;goskiing;gorowing…8、比较than前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。如:Mymotheristwoyearsyoungerthanmyfather.我妈比我爸年轻两岁。LiuTaojumpsasfarasBen.刘涛跳得和本一样远。9、喜欢做某事用like+动词ing或like+to+动原。如:SuYanglikesgrowingflowers.苏阳喜欢种花。ThechildrenliketoplaywithlanternsatSpringFestival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。10、想要做某事用wouldlike+to+动原或want+to+动原。例:I’dliketovisittheHistoryMuseum.=IwanttovisittheHistoryMuseum11、some用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用如:CanIhavesomewritingpaper?Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?12、代词人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是Iyouhesheitweyouthey。宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后如:Openthemforme.Letus…,joinme等。宾格分别是meyouhimheritusyouthem。形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs。13、介词介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式如:begoodatrunning;dowellinjumping;14、时间介词季节前,月份前用介词in如:insummer;inMarch具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on如:onSaturday;onthesecondofApril;onWednesdaymorning在几点钟前用介词at如:ataquartertofour;只在上下午晚上用in如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening;但在夜间用atnight。另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.15、名词复数构成的方法有规则的有:(1)直接在名词后加s如orange—oranges;photo—photos;(2)以x,s,sh,ch结尾的加es如:box—boxes;glass—glasses;waitress—waitresses;watch—watches;peach--peaches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如:study—studies;library—libraries;hobby—hobbies;family—families;(4)以f,fe结尾的改f,fe为v+es如:knife—knives;thief—thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es,mango—mangoes其余加s,)不规则的有:man—men;woman—women;people—people;child—children16、动词第三人称单数的构成(1)直接在动词后加s如:run—runs;dance—dances(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如:study—studies;carry—carries;17、现在分词的构成(1)直接在动词后加ing如:sing—singing;ski—skiing;(2)双写词尾加ing如:swim—swimming;jog—jogging;run—running;(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing如:ride—riding;dance—dancing;make—making;18、规则动词过去式的构成(1)直接在动词后加ed如:clean—cleaned;milk—milked;play—played;(2)以e结尾的直接加d如:dance—danced;taste—tasted;(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed如:study—studied;carry—carried;(4)双写词尾加ed如:stop—stopped;jog—jogged;不规则的有:am,is—was;are—were;do,does—did;have,has—had;go—went;meet—met;sit—sat;see—saw;get—got;tell—told;run—ran;come—came;steal—stole;read—read;19、形容词副词比较级的构成规则的:(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er如;small—smaller;low—lower;(2)以e结尾的加r如:late—larer;(3)双写词尾加er如:big—bigger;thin—thinner;fat—fatter;(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er如:heavy—heavier;early—earlier;不规则的有:good,well—better(最高级为best);many,much---more(最高级为most);far---farther;20、rain与snow的用法(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如:Thereisalotofrainthereinspring.那儿的春天有很多雨水。(2)作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:动词原形rain,snow;第三人称单数rains,snows;现在分词raining;snowing过去式rained;snowed;如:①Look!Itisrainingnow.瞧!天正在下雨。②ItoftenrainsinNantonginsummer.南通夏天经常下雨。③Itrainedyesterday.昨天下了雨。④Itisgoingtoraintomorrow.明天要下雨。(3)形容词为rainy和snowy意思是有雨的和有雪的如:Itisoftenrainyhereinspring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。Ifitisrainytomorrow,I’llstayathome.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。21、比较级注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。如:Myeyesarebiggerthanhers.Yourschoolbagisheavierthanmine.MycomputerisnicerthanNancy’s.Mybrotherisstrongerthanme.22、have,has表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);Thereis/are;Therewas/were表示某地存在有注意Therebe句型的就近原则单数或不可数用thereis/was;复数用thereare/were.23、本身就是复数的词眼镜glasses;耳机earphones;鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。如:Myglasseswereonthechairjustnow.但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数如:Thereisapairofchopsticksontheplate.Thispairofearphonesisforyou.24、五个元音字母分别是Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu;25、一个的用法a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an用于元音前不是元音字母前。如:Thereisan’s’,a‘t’,a‘u’,a‘d’,an‘e’,an‘n’,anda‘t’intheword‘student’.26、时间表示法有两种:(1)直接读时钟和分钟。如6:10读成sixten;7:30读成seventhirty;8: