牛津译林版高中英语高考二轮复习：定语从句(共26张ppt)

语法专题复习---定语从句译林版牛津高中英语1.基本语法概念2.关系词的选择3.常见考点难点定语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中某一个名词或代词的从句.先行词：主句中被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词,在定语从句中充当一定的成分Iliketheteamwhoarewearinggreen.主句从句先行词关系词基本语法概念定语从句解题步骤：1.找出定语从句和对应的先行词2.判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分（即定语从句中缺少什么成分）（主宾定表状）3.选择对应的关系代词或关系副词一、关系代词1)关系代词的种类：which;that;who;whom;whose;as主语宾语表语定语人who/thatwho/whom/thatthatwhose物which/thatwhich/thatthatwhose关系词的选择关系代词that与which的区别：只能用关系代词that引导定语从句的情况:1.当先行词为不定代词everything,nothing,anything等时。2.当先行词被all,any,no,few,little等修饰时。3.当先行词被theonly,thevery,just等修饰时。4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。5.当先行词是形容词的最高级或被最高级修饰时.6.当先行词既包含人又包含物时.7.在以who,which开头的句子中,为避免重复,关系代词用that.8.当关系代词在定语从句中充当表语时.1.Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.whichB.thatC.asD.what2.Everything_______isaboutacharactercanhelpusunderstandhimfromhisappearancetothekindoffoodheeats.A.whichB.asC.whatD.that典型例题关系代词that与which的区别：只能用关系代词which引导定语从句的情况:1.用于“prep.+关系代词”的结构时。e.g.Thisisthehousethat/whichTomoncelivedin.ThisisthehouseinwhichTomoncelived.2.引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Brucewenttowardthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.关系代词whose的用法：whose在定语从句中作adj.使用，充当定语，相当于所有格的his,her,its,their.e.g.Ilovethehousewhosewindowsfacethelake.=Ilovethehouse___________________facethelake.whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhom/which+the+n.thewindowsofwhichofwhichthewindows1.IwasborninSuzhou,acity______namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.2.IwasborninSuzhou,acity_____thenamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose3.Manypeopletendtobuythingsfrombigstores,______theybelievethequalitiesaregood.A.atwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.where典型例题关系代词as的问题:1.引导限制性定语从句：先行词被thesame,such,so,as等修饰。e.g.Igotthesamewatchasyouboughtlastweek.Iborrowedthesamebookthathereadyesterdaybecausethereisonlyonecopyinthelibrary.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.同类非同一个同一个定语从句，as充当成分结果状语从句关系代词as的问题:2.引导非限制性定语从句：注意与which的区别1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，可位于主句的句首、句中或句末；which引导非限制性定语从句不能放于句首。2)as常用于beknown/expected/reported等结构中,意为“正如”。3)as引导非限制性定语从句，通常表示肯定而非否定的意思；which则不受限制。e.g.______isannouncedinthenewspaper,Chinahassentupanothersatellite.Shemarriedagain,________wasunexpected.Aswhich1.In2014,suchimportantreformpoliciesassociatedwiththeinterestsofthegeneralpublicwereintroducedinChina_____almosteachpersoncouldbenefitfrominlife.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.as2.Mrs.Blackhadsuchawonderfultime_________shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.A.whenB.thatC.asD.which典型例题二、关系副词：2)关系副词：when;why;where关系词的选择关系副词在从句中的作用与介词+关系代词的转化where地点状语=in/at/on…+whichwhen时间状语=on/in/at/…+whichwhy原因状语=forwhich关系副词where的问题：1.先行词为condition,situation,society,point,cases,atmosphere等表示抽象地点含义的名词，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，可用关系副词where引导。2.occasion在表示“特定时刻”时，引导词用when；表示“（仪式、庆典等）重大场合”时，引导词用where。e.g.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation________theycanseethemselvesclearly.Occasionsarerare________Ihaveenoughtimetospendwithmykids.wherewhen关系代词和关系副词的区别：1.关系代词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语或定语,而关系副词在从句中做状语。2.选择关系词时要考虑动词的及物性和有无介词的情况。e.g.Thisisthefactory___________myfathervisitedyesterday.Thisisthefactory___________myfatheronceworked.Thisisthefactory___________myfatheronceworkedin.wherethat/whichthat/which连接词what的问题:what不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句，多引导名词性从句。但是，what引导的名词性从句往往可改写成相应的定语从句，此时what的含义为“先行词+关系代词”。e.g.Canyoutellmewhathetoldyouyesterday?allthat常见考点难点先行词theone的问题:1.Isthistheschool_____________youstudyin?=Thisistheschool_____________youstudyin.2.Isthisschool_____________youstudyin?=Thisschoolis_____________youstudyin.theone(that)theone(that)(that/which)(that/which)学会将疑问句还原成陈述句。必须先判断是否缺少先行词。“介词和关系代词”的问题1.在“介词+关系代词”的结构中，关系代词用which和whom分别指代物和人。e.g.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____________shecouldturntoforhelp.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonto_________shecouldturnforhelp.whom/thatwhom“介词和关系代词”的问题2.“介词of+关系代词”前常有some,any,none,both,all,most,neither,each,few等代词或数词,表示整体与部分的关系。他有四个儿子,有一半是医生。1)Hehas4sons,_____________aredoctors.2)Hehas4sonsand___________aredoctors.3)Hehas4sons;___________aredoctors.4)Hehas4sons,halfofthem_______(be)doctors.halfofwhomhalfofthemhalfofthembeing非限制性定从并列句独立的句子独立主格结构1.Thesubwaywascrowdedwithpassengersgoinghomefrommarket,mostof_______carryingheavybagsandbasketsfulloffruitandvegetablestheyhadboughtthere.A.whomB.themC.whoD.which2.Hewrotealotofnovels,noneof________translatedintoaforeignlanguage.A.themB.whichC.theyD.what典型例题3.“(and)+介词+that/this+名词”可转化为“介词+which+名词”。她遭受病痛的折磨，在这种情况下，她的儿子只能呆在家里照顾她。e.g.Shesufferedfromillness.Inthiscase,hersonhadtostayathometolookafterher.Tom在大学读了4年，在这期间他学了法语。e.g.Tomspent4yearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.，inwhichcaseandduringthis/thattime典型例题1.Sheisprobablygoingtobuysomebooks;in________caseIwillhavetogowithher.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.what2.Mostofthemwereabsent,for_______reason,wedidn’tholdtheregularmeeting.A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.its