第1页共10页语法专题复习(四)状语从句讲解状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:1.Ifellasleepwhenhewasdoinghisexercises.他正作练习时我睡着了。(时间状语从句)3.Shealwayssingsasshewalks.她总是一边走一边唱。(时间状语从句)4.Iwaiteduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.我等到他做完活。(时间状语从句)5.Itwasnotlongbeforehetoldmeaboutthisaffair.不久,他就告诉我这件事。(时间状语从句)6.Hehasworkedveryhardsinceheenteredthefactory自从他进厂,工作一直很努力。(时间状语从句)1.时间状语从句常用引导词:when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词:theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when种类从属连词例句说明时whenwheneverWhenIcameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.当我进屋时,他正在写信。Weshallgotherewheneverwearefree.我们什么时间有空,我们就去那里。when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。间状whenIwaswalkingalongthestreetwhensuddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.我正在街上走着,这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。语whileWhileitwasraining,theywentout.天下雨的时候,他们出去了。Istayedwhilehewasaway.他不在的时候我在。while指“在某一段时间里”,“在…期间”,while引导的动作必须是持续性的。第2页共10页asShealwayssingsasshewalks.as引导持续性动作,强从她总是一边走一边唱调主句和从句的动作同时发生。句beforeBeapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.先做学生,再做先生。before译为在…之前afterHearrivedafterthegamestarted.比赛开始后,他到了。tillWewaitedtill(until)hecameback.我们一直等到他回来。如主句动词是持续性动作,常用肯定式,表示“直到…为止”时untilShedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.她到11点钟才停止工作。Untilhehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodthere.她站在那里看着,直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是瞬间动词,常用否定式,表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调,一般用until间状sinceassoonasGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。AssoonasIarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.我一到上海就给你写信。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开,如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。语从句hardly…whennosooner…thanIhadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.我刚一到家,就下雨了。=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwegottothestationthanthetrainleft.我们刚到车站,火车就走了。Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.我们刚开始就被叫停。hardly…when和nosooner…than的意义相当于assoonas,但只表示过去发生的事情,主句为过去完成时,从句为过去时,如hardly或nosooner位于句首时语气强,而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。everytime,bythetime,themoment等EverytimeItravelledbyboat,Igotseasick.我每次乘船都晕船。ThemomentIheardthesong,Ifeltcheerful.我一听到这首歌,就感到很愉快。Nexttimeyoucome,you’llseehim.下次你来的时候,就会见到他。在时间状语从句中,不能用将来时或过去将来时,而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。2.地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever,anywhere,everywhere地点wherewhereverWherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。Wherethereiswaterthereislife.where与wherever意义基本相同,但后者语气较强,多用于书第3页共10页状语从句哪里有水,哪里就有生命。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Whereveryougo,youmustobeythelaw.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。面语。3.原因状语从句常用引导词:because,since,as,since特殊引导词:seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat,consideringthat,原因状becauseIcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.昨天我回来晚了,因为我值班。because用来回答why的问题,语气最强一般放在主句之后语从句sinceSinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到了,我们开始开会。since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首asAshedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.由于他英语懂得不多,他在字典中查阅这个单词。从句常放在句首,说明原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中。nowthat,seeingthatNow(that)theweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartourjourney.鉴于天气已经晴朗,我们可以启程了。Seeing(that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.鉴于他病情严重,我们派人去请医生去了。seeing(that),nowthat和since,as意义相似,他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思,that可以省去。4.目的状语从句常用引导词:sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词:lest,incase,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat目的状语thatIshallwritedownyourtelephonenumberthatImaynotforget.我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。We’lltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgeforyourself.我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己作出判断。目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might)can(could),should等放在动词之前,从句往往放在主句之后,主从句之间不用任何标点符号sothat第4页共10页从句inorderthatTheyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.他们比往常更加努力工作,为了能提前完成工作。Putonmoreclotheslest(=forfearthat)youshouldcatchcold.多穿点衣服,以免患感冒。lest=forfearthat5.结果状语从句常用引导词:so…that,such…that,特殊引导词:suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,结果状sothatso…thatWeturneduptheradio,sothateveryoneheardthenews.我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了新闻。Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。sothat前有逗号为结果状语从句。so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。语从句such…thatHegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewasexcused.他说出了这么重要的理由,得到大家的谅解。Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.这是一本十分有意思的书,大家都想看。such…that的such后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用sucha/an…that还可以转换用so…that,语气较强6.条件状语从句常用引导词:if,unless,特殊引导词:as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat条件状ifDifficultiesarenothingifwearenotafraidofthem.如果我们不怕困难,困难就算不了什么了。Weshallgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义,unless是书面语,if…not是口语,通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现unless除非下雨,我们明天就去那里。=Weshallgotheretomorrowifitdoesn’train.第5页共10页语从句as/solongSo/Aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。asincasesofaras只要你努力工作,你就一定能成功。IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.万一我忘了,请提醒我一下。SofarasIknow,thebookwillbepublishednextmonth.据我所知,那本书下月出版。7.让步状语从句常用引导词:though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever让步状语thoughAlthough(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.虽然他六十多岁了,但仍