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Lesson10InternationalPaymentOUTLINE(1)ThecomplexityofpaymentininternationaltradeA.RisksfacedbytheexporterandimporterB.Politicalfactors政治因素,commercialfactors,geographicalfactors,etc(2)TwomethodsofpaymentusedundercertainconditionsA.CashinadvanceorpartialcashinadvanceB.Openaccount(3)Thedraft(billofexchange)A.DefinitionB.SightdraftandUsancedraft(tenordraftortermdraft)C.Cleandraftanddocumentarydraft(4)DocumentarycollectionA.Documentsagainstpayment(D/P)a.D/Patsightb.D/PaftersightB.Documentsagainstacceptance(D/A)•Generallyspeaking,itisnotverydifficultforbuyersandsellersindomestictradetogettoknoweachother’sfinancialstatusandotherinformation,andpaymentislikelytobemadeinastraightforwardmanner,say（forexample）byremittanceorbydebitingthedebtor’saccount.•Domestic:ofconcerntoorconcerningtheinternalaffairsofanation;oforrelatingtothehome;oforinvolvingthehomeorfamily•adj.国内的；家庭的；一心只管家务的•domesticmarket国内市场•domesticdemand国内需求；本地内部需求•domesticproduct国内产品；本地生产•grossdomesticproduct(GDP)国内生产总值•Status:therelativepositionorstandingofthingsorespeciallypersonsinasociety;astateataparticulartime•n.地位；状态；情形；重要身份•currentstatus当前状态；目前状况•presentstatus现状•socialstatus社会地位•legalstatus法律地位•所有这些报告都使用相同的状态结果。•Allofthesereportsusethesamestatusoutcomes.•Remittance:apaymentofmoneysenttoapersoninanotherplace•n.汇款；汇寄之款；汇款额•款子是通过银行汇寄的。•Remittancewasmadethroughabank.•所有订单均须附汇款。•Aremittancemustaccompanyallorders.•我们已经收到你方解决我们索赔问题的汇款。•Wehavereceivedyourremittanceinsettlementofourclaim.•Debtor债务人:apersonwhoowesmoneytosomebody•欠别人钱的人•Creditor债权人•Ininternationaltrade,however,thingsarefarmorecomplicated.Purchaseandsaleofgoodsandservicesarecarriedoutbeyondnationalboundaries,whichmakeitratherdifficultforthepartiesconcernedinthetransactiontogetadequateinformationabouteachother’sfinancialstandingandcreditworthiness(资信；信誉).Therefore,mutualtrustishardtobuild.Boththeexporterandimporterfacerisksasthereisalwaysthepossibilitythattheotherpartymaynotfulfillthecontract.•Fortheexporterthereistheriskofbuyerdefault（不按期付款）.Theimportermightfailtopayinfullforthegoods.Hemightgobankrupt.Hisgovernmentmight,forvariousreasons,ban（禁止）tradewiththeexportingcountryorbanimportsofcertaincommodities.Thebuyermightrunintodifficultiesgettingtheforeignexchangetopayforthegoods.Itisevenpossiblethatthebuyerisnotreliableandsimplyrefusestopaytheagreedamountonvariousexcuses.•Default:actoffailingtomeetafinancialobligation;lossresultingfromfailureofadebttobepaid;lossduetonotshowingup•食言，违约；未履行；疏忽;未履行债务，拖欠;缺席，不到场•我并不认为这些违约都是不可避免的。•Idonotbelievetheirdefaultisatallinevitable.•由于拖欠按月应付的分期付款，他的汽车被收回了。•Hiscarwasrepossessedbecauseofdefaultofmonthlyinstallment.•Ban：prohibitespeciallybylegalmeansorsocialpressure•vt.禁止，取缔•解禁；取消禁令•lifttheban•该影片被审查官员禁止上映。•Thefilmcameunderthebanofcensor.•Onthepartoftheimporter,thereistheriskthattheshipmentwillbedelayed,andhemightonlyreceivethemlongafterpayment.Thedelaymaybecausedbyproblemsinproductionortransportation,andsuchdelaysmayleadtolossofbusiness.Thereisalsoariskthatwronggoodsmightbesentasaresultofnegligence（疏忽大意）oftheexporterorsimplybecauseofhislackofintegrity（honesty）.•Integrity:anundividedorunbrokencompletenessortotalitywithnothingwanting;moralsoundness•n.完整；正直；诚实；廉正•territorialintegrity领土的完整•moralintegrity节操；气节•dataintegrity数据完整性•structuralintegrity结构完整性•businessintegrity商业信誉•那座古塔还在，但是不完整了。•Theancientpagodaisstillthere,butnotinitsintegrity.•我很正直。•Ihaveintegrity.•Politicalriskssuchaswar,quotas,foreignexchangecontrol;commercialriskslikemarketchangeandexchangeratefluctuations(波动);andevenlanguagebarriersalladdupto（increase）theproblemsininternationaltrade.Becauseoftheseproblemsandrisks,exportersarehesitanttoreleasetheirgoodsbeforereceivingpayment,whileimportersprefertohavecontroloverthegoodsbeforepartingwiththeirmoney.•Fluctuation:aninstanceofchange;therateormagnitudeofchange;thequalityofbeingunsteadyandsubjecttochanges;awavemotion•n.起伏，波动•economicfluctuation经济波动•pricefluctuation[经]价格起伏，物价波动•temperaturefluctuation温度波动；温度涨落•marketfluctuation市场波动；市价涨落•Hesitant:lackingdecisivenessofcharacter;unabletoactordecidequicklyorfirmly;actingwithuncertaintyorhesitanceorlackofconfidence•adj.迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的•你似乎犹豫不决。•Youseemedhesitant.•我知道我们有很多东西，但是当时我还在犹豫要不要开始处理它们。•Iknewwehadtoomuchstuff,butIwashesitanttostartdealingwithitall.•Variousmethodsofpaymenthavebeendevelopedtocopewithdifferentsituationsininternationaltrade.Whenthepoliticalandeconomicsituationintheimportingcountrymakespaymentuncertainorwhenthebuyer’screditstandingisdubious(doubtful),theexportermayprefercashinadvanceorpartialcashinadvance.Inthiscase,theimporterhasnoguaranteethattheexporterwillfulfillhisobligationsoncehehasmadepaymentbycash.Ifthebuyerandthesellerknoweachotherwell,theymaydecidetotradeonopenaccount.Thismeansthatnodocumentsareinvolvedandthatlegally(intermsoflaw)thebuyercanpayanytime.•Dubious:fraughtwithuncertaintyordoubt;opentodoubtorsuspicion;notconvinced•adj.可疑的；暧昧的；无把握的；半信半疑的•他所作的证据是可疑的。•Thetestimonygivenbyhimisdubious.•Thesellerlosesallcontroloverthegoodsoncetheyhavebeenshipped.Salesonthisbasisareusuallypaidforbyperio