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名词性从句1.在句子中起名词作用。2.功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语……3.名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisliMing.主语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)一、主语从句•定义：在句子中起主语作用的从句称为主语从句。•连接主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词：that、whether…连接代词：what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever…连接副词：when、where、why、how•1.连接词引导：that、whether例：Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsthisyearistrue.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Thatthewhetherbecomeswarmeristheresultofpollution.天气变暖是污染的结果。Whetherhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。Whetheryoucansucceedornotdependsonhowhardyouworkatit.你是否能成功取决于你努力地程度。•2.连接代词引导例：Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西更好。Whotheletterwasfromisstillunknown.这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.你们当中第一个达到这里的人将获得奖项。•_____wearesureaboutistheneedtopreventchildrenfrombeingspoiled.A.WhatB.WhichC.whetherD.ThatA.What一方面引导主语从句；另一方面在句中做about的宾语。•3.连接副词引导例：Howmedicinereducesandrelievespainisunclear.药物是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.它们为什么突然消失还是个迷。Exercise11._______shesaidpuzzledhim.2._______shesaidsuchathingpuzzledhim.3._____________weshouldsendtotakepartinthepartyistobediscussed.4._______theydon’twanttodroptheplanisclear.5._______hefinishedtheworkinsoshorttimeremainsaquestion.6.________itisgoingtosnowthiseveningisnotcertain.WhatWhyWhom/whoThatHowWhetherExercise2•______________________________________(月球上没有生命)isknowntoall.2._________________________(我在会议上说的)mustbekeptsecret.3.______________________(是否这件事是真的)remainsaquestion.4.______________________________________(我们什么时候开会)istobediscussed.ThatthereisnolifeonthemoonWhatIsaidatthemeetingWhetheritistrueWhenwewillhavethemeeting•形式主语it替代主语从句：•It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。①it+系动词+形容词+that从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要…Itisimportantthat….重要的是…Itisobviousthat……很明显……Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。②it+系动词+名词+that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……Itisourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。③it+be+动词的-ed形式+that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntous/allthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……Itisannouncedthattheplanhadbeensuccessfullycarriedout.据宣布，计划正在顺利实施。④It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……Exercise11.Itisawonder_____youweren'tinjured.2.Itisstillunknown______and______thistookplace.3.Itmakesnodifferencetome_________heisrichorpoor.4.Itisnotyetdecided_______istotakeherplaceassecretary.5.Itissaid______thisplazahas15cinemas.6.Itdoesn'tmatter_______youaregoingtodoit.thatwhenwherewhetherwhothatwhetherExercise21.你昨天错过了这部新的电影，真是太遗憾了。2.他们将要在这里建一个新的医院是真的吗？3.据说我们清明节要放三天假。4.他是否挣很多很多钱对我来说并不重要。Itisapitythatyoumissedthenewmovieyesterday.Isittruethattheyaregoingtosetupanewhospitalhere?Itissaidthatwe’lltakethreedaysoffonTombSweepingDay.Itisn’timportanttomewhetherhecanmakealotofmoney.二、宾语从句•定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。•引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词：that、whether、if连接代词：what、who、whose、whatever、whichever、whoever连接副词：when、where、why、how•1.连接词引导例：Ithink(that)youshouldturntotheteacherforhelp.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。Istilldon’tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。Tinawashesitatingaboutthejobofferasshedidn’tknow______thecompanywasanestablishedone.蒂娜对那份工作有点迟疑，因为她不知道那是否是一家被认定的公司。•Whether/if都意为“是否”，一般情况下可互换。口语中常用if。但是以下情况只能用whether：①与ornot连用时。Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.请让我知道你是否能来。②引导介词宾语从句时。Weareinterestedinwhetheryouwillattendthemeetingornot.•2.连接代词引导例：Sheaskedmewhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass.她问我班上谁的书法最好。I’lljustsaywhatevercomesintomymind.•3.连接副词引导例：Doyouknowwhentheancientgamesbegan?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时候开始的吗？I’vebeenthinkingabouthowwecanmakethenewspapermoreinteresting.我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。•注1：宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中需用陈述句语序。例：Heaskedmewhenwecouldleavethenextday.(whencouldweleavethenextday?)Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar?(wheredoesshelosthercar?)•注2：宾语从句的时态①主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态，所以宾语从句的时态应更具实际情况而定。例：Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.(从-一般现在)Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.（从-一般将来）Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.（从-现在完成时）②主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。例：Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.(从-一般过去时)Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.(从-过去将来时)Hesaidthattheywerehavingameetingallthatnight.(从-过去进行时)③当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。例：Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.宾语从句的时态和语序1.Couldyoutellmeifit_____tomorrow?A.rainsB.israiningC.willrainD.rain2.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun_____intheeast.A.riseB.risesC.roseD.risen3.Peterknew_______.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis4.Couldyoutellme______?A.whereisthenearestrailwaystationB.wherethenearestrailwaystationwasC.wherethenea