.细节理解题的解题步骤和方法一、教学引入细节理解题.是高考英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。根据我的分类,所有的阅读理解题型按照答案在文中出现的位置和形式不通,可以分为细节理解和主旨大意两大类,而前一类在整个题量当中大概会占到80%甚至以上的比例。二、细节理解题的分类细节理解题的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复,而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。1.同样,按照答案在原文中出现的位置,细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。(1)集中型:就文章的单个细节提问,答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。因为具体细节不同,出题形式千变万化,因题而异。如:【2010江苏】57.Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably【2010上海】70..Asismentionedinthecard,thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat(2)分散型:题目涉及到文章某一段或几段,甚至贯穿全文的各个位置,需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。请注意,分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置,正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节,需要我们在定位的时候阅读某一个区域。分散型细节理解题常见的出题方式有:Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?Wecanlearn/inferfromthepassagethat…WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedabout…?也有因题而异的,有些看似集中的其实也分散在文中,需要考生仔细定位。如:【2010江苏】61.Somepeopleareagainstkillingwolvesbecause.原文所陈述的原因有很多段,而并不是单个的句子。2.就题目形式而言,细节理解题的表现形式是多种多样的,最常见的有:(1)文章细节:针对文中细节直接提问(2)指代判断:判断文中某个代词或特定词组的指代关系(3)图表数据:对题目中的图标和数据进行简单的计算(4)词义猜测:推测文中某个词或词组的含义(5)顺序排列:选择文中细节出现的正确的时间顺序或逻辑顺序(6)态度目的:作者在文中引入某个细节的目的,或对某个细节或细节人物的态度三、细节理解解题方法三大法宝:顺序原则、定位词、排除法1.把握解题的顺序原则。一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的,这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围,大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法,看一题做一题。【2010广东】CFoodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly,Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.Certainmicroorganisms(微生物)causemosttypesoffoodpoisoning.Bacteriaandothermicroorganismscanpoisoneggs,meat,vegetables,andmanyotherfoods.Afterenteringthebody,thesetinylivingthingsrelease(释放)poisonsthatmakepeoplesick.Somechemicalscanalsocausefoodpoisoning.Theyareoftenaddedtofoodwhileitisbeinggrown,processed,orprepaid.Forexample,manyfarmersspraychemicalsoncropstokillweedsandinsects.Somepeoplemayhaveabadreactiontothosechemicalswhentheyeatthecrops.Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.Theseincludecertainkindsofseafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,andmushrooms.Whenpeoplehandlefoodproperly,theriskoffoodpoisoningisverysmallMicroorganismsmultiplyrapidlyindirtyplacesandinwarmtemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshouldnevertouchfoodwithdittyhandsorputfoodonunwashedsurfaces.Foodshouldbekeptinarefrigeratortostopmicroorganismsfromgnawing.Meatneedstobecookedthoroughlytokillanydangerousmicroorganisms.Peopleshouldalsowashfoodcoveredwithchemicalsbeforeeatingit.Finally,peopleshouldnoteatraidmushroomsorotherfoodsthat.growinthewild.Someofthesefoodsmaycontainnaturalmaterialsthatarepoisonoustohumans.Inaddition,sometypesoffishcanbepoisonous.Mostpeoplerecoverfromfoodpoisoningafterafewdaysofrestinganddrinkingextrawater.Ifpeopleeatnaturalpoisons,theymustgotothehospitalrightawaytohavetheirstomachsemptied.51.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.52.Weknowfromthepassagethatthesymptomsoffoodpoisoning.A.arealwaysaccompaniedbyafeverB.aretoocommontobenotedC.canbenoticedwithinhoursD.canbeignored53.FoodpoisoningcanbecausedbyallthefollowingEXCEPT.A.somechemicalsB.lowtemperturesC.sometinylivingthingsD.certainnaturalmaterials54.FromParagraph5,wecanlearnthatA.mushroomsshouldnotbeeatenB.vegetablesaresaferthanmeatandseafoodC.naturalpoisonsaremoredangerousthanchemicalsD.differenttypesoffoodshouldbehandleddifferently55.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatA.naturalmaterialsaresafeinfoodprocessingB.chemicalsareneededinfoodprocessingC.foodpoisoningcanbekeptundercontrolD.foodpoisoningisoutofcontrol该篇文章除了最后一题是主旨大意题外,其他都是细节理解题,而且答案位置的先后顺序与题号顺序是基本一致的。2.通过定位词寻找出题点定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素,前者适用于解答细节理解题,后者用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题,就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速的把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来,然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。(1)什么词才算是定位词呢?我们首先要关注的是表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词,以及题干中出现的大写的名词。如【2010辽宁】64.AccordingtoCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight.【2010全国卷II】51.WhyaresomeChineselikelytogoskiingintheEurope?【2010辽宁】61.WhatdoesthewriterdislikemostaboutdinnerpartiesinNewYork?【2010全国I】61.HowdidChristyMcKinleyknowMs.Schatzman’sopinionofthechitea?【2010山东】57.Diabeitcrockstar.comwascreatedfor.【2010湖南】62,Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary.【2010四川】46.WhatisanadvantageofthebuildingsmeetingtheGreenCommunitiesStandards?在上面的例子当中,表示地名的California,NewYork,Europe;表示人名的ChristyMcKinley,Ms.Schatzman,表示时间的1995以及大写的特殊专有名词Diabeitcrockstar.com,GreenCommunitiesStandards等都是定位词,在原文当中都有出现,能帮助我们迅速地找找到出题点。可是我们不一定每次都运气好碰到专有名词等,在没有上面这些类词的时候我们需要留意一些表示实体意义,指代一件具体事物的具象的名词。如:【2010广东】48.Whenyourcolleaguebringsaboutaproblem,youshould.【2010江苏】56.WhichofthefollowingdothesurnamesinthepassageNOTcover?【2010全国I】56.WhereisthenearestparkingplacetoShakespeare’sBirthplace?【2010全国I】66.Whydohoatzinscollecttogetherinsmallergroupswhentherainyseasoncomes?如果我们在题干中连一个实体名词都找不到的话应该怎么办呢?这时我们还可以关注题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等。但是因为动词、形容词、副词的同义表达太多,题干中这些词往往是原.文中的同义表达或转化,需要引起我们的注意。这个我们在下文中还会专门提到。请看下面一个用形容词、副词作定位词的例子:【2010上海】67.Indianelephantsaregettingincreasinglyangryandtheyrevengebecause在原文中我们可以找到对应的句子:Increasingly,theIndianelephantisangry:formanyyears,illegalhuntershaveattackeditandits