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上节课的回顾•回顾上节课：•说说什么是日本动画片的分众化？•回顾美国影片的分级制度我们今天的主题是？美国电影、游戏分级制度G,PG,PG13,R,NC-17与ESRB日本动画大师及其作品1，手冢治虫——日本动漫之父2，宫崎骏——非主流-主流的典范3，大友克洋——内心深处阴暗的揭露者4，押井守——原作粉碎机What'sInARating?Here'sadetailedbreakdownoftheratingthataccompaniedPiratesoftheCaribbean•G—GeneralAudiences.AllAgesAdmitted.AG-ratedmotionpicturecontainsnothingintheme,language,nudity,sex,violenceorothermattersthat,intheviewoftheRatingBoard,wouldoffendparentswhoseyoungerchildrenviewthemotionpicture.TheGratingisnotacertificateofapproval,nordoesitsignifyachildren’smotionpicture.Somesnippetsoflanguagemaygobeyondpoliteconversationbuttheyarecommoneverydayexpressions.NostrongerwordsarepresentinG-ratedmotionpictures.Depictionsofviolenceareminimal.Nonudity,sexscenesordrugusearepresentinthemotionpicture.•G级（GENERALAUDIENCESAllagesadmitted）：大众级，所有年龄均可观看。该级别的电影内容可以被父母接受，影片没有裸体、性爱场面，吸毒和暴力场面非常少。对话也是日常生活中可以经常接触到的；•美国电影协会（MPAA，MotionPictureAssociationofAmerica）影视作品分级制度•PG—ParentalGuidanceSuggested.SomeMaterialMayNotBeSuitableForChildren.APG-ratedmotionpictureshouldbeinvestigatedbyparentsbeforetheylettheiryoungerchildrenattend.ThePGratingindicates,intheviewoftheRatingBoard,thatparentsmayconsidersomematerialunsuitablefortheirchildren,andparentsshouldmakethatdecision.ThemorematurethemesinsomePG-ratedmotionpicturesmaycallforparentalguidance.Theremaybesomeprofanityandsomedepictionsofviolenceorbriefnudity.Buttheseelementsarenotdeemedsointenseastorequirethatparentsbestronglycautionedbeyondthesuggestionofparentalguidance.ThereisnodrugusecontentinaPG-ratedmotionpicture.•PG级（PARENTALGUIDANCESUGGESTEDSomematerialmaynotbesuitableforchildren）：普通辅导级，一些内容可能不适合儿童观看，有些镜头可能产生不适感，建议在父母的陪伴下观看。该级别的电影基本没有性爱、吸毒和裸体场面，即使有时间也很短，此外，恐怖和暴力场面不会超出适度的范围；•美国电影协会（MPAA，MotionPictureAssociationofAmerica）影视作品分级制度•VPG-13—ParentsStronglyCautioned.SomeMaterialMayBeInappropriateForChildrenUnder13.APG-13ratingisasternerwarningbytheRatingBoardtoparentstodeterminewhethertheirchildrenunderage13shouldviewthemotionpicture,assomematerialmightnotbesuitedforthem.APG-13motionpicturemaygobeyondthePGratingintheme,violence,nudity,sensuality,language,adultactivitiesorotherelements,butdoesnotreachtherestrictedRcategory.ThethemeofthemotionpicturebyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughdepictionsofactivitiesrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthemotionpicture.AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanbriefnuditywillrequireatleastaPG-13rating,butsuchnudityinaPG-13ratedmotionpicturegenerallywillnotbesexuallyoriented.TheremaybedepictionsofviolenceinaPG-13movie,butgenerallynotbothrealisticandextremeorpersistentviolence.Amotionpicture’ssingleuseofoneoftheharshersexually-derivedwords,thoughonlyasanexpletive,initiallyrequiresatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanonesuchexpletiverequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.TheRatingBoardneverthelessmayratesuchamotionpicturePG-13if,basedonaspecialvotebyatwo-thirdsmajority,theRatersfeelthatmostAmericanparentswouldbelievethataPG-13ratingisappropriatebecauseofthecontextormannerinwhichthewordsareusedorbecausetheuseofthosewordsinthemotionpictureisinconspicuous.•PG-13级（PARENTSSTRONGLYCAUTIONEDSomematerialmaybeinappropriateforchildrenunder13）：特别辅导级，不适於13岁以下儿童，13岁以下儿童尤其要有父母陪同观看，一些内容对儿童很不适宜。该级别的电影没有粗野的持续暴力镜头，一般没有裸体镜头，有时会有吸毒镜头和脏话；•美国电影协会（MPAA，MotionPictureAssociationofAmerica）影视作品分级制度•R—Restricted.ChildrenUnder17RequireAccompanyingParentorAdultGuardian.AnR-ratedmotionpicture,intheviewoftheRatingBoard,containssomeadultmaterial.AnR-ratedmotionpicturemayincludeadultthemes,adultactivity,hardlanguage,intenseorpersistentviolence,sexually-orientednudity,drugabuseorotherelements,sothatparentsarecounseledtotakethisratingveryseriously.Childrenunder17arenotallowedtoattendR-ratedmotionpicturesunaccompaniedbyaparentoradultguardian.ParentsarestronglyurgedtofindoutmoreaboutR-ratedmotionpicturesindeterminingtheirsuitabilityfortheirchildren.Generally,itisnotappropriateforparentstobringtheiryoungchildrenwiththemtoR-ratedmotionpictures.•R级（RESTRICTEDUnder17requiresaccompanyingparentoradultguardian）：限制级，17岁以下必须由父母或者监护陪伴才能观看。该级别的影片包含成人内容，里面有较多的性爱、暴力、吸毒等场面和脏话•美国电影协会（MPAA，MotionPictureAssociationofAmerica）影视作品分级制度•NC-17—NoOne17andUnderAdmitted.AnNC-17ratedmotionpictureisonethat,intheviewoftheRatingBoard,mostparentswouldconsiderpatentlytooadultfortheirchildren17andunder.Nochildrenwillbeadmitted.NC-17doesnotmeanobsceneorpornographicinthecommonorlegalmeaningofthosewords,andshouldnotbeconstruedasanegativejudgmentinanysense.Theratingsimplysignalsthatthecontentisappropriateonlyforanadultaudience.AnNC-17ratingcanbebasedonviolence,sex,aberrationalbehavior,drugabuseoranyotherelementthatmostparentswouldconsidertoostrongandthereforeoff-limitsforviewingbytheirchildren•NC-17级(NOONE17ANDUNDERADMITTED）：17岁或者以下不可观看，该级别的影片被定为成人影片，未成年人坚决被禁止观看。影片中有清楚的性爱场面，大量的吸毒或暴力镜头以及脏话等。•美国电影协会（MPAA，MotionPictureAssociationofAmerica）影视作品分级制度•NR或U：NR是属於未经定级的电影，而U是针对1968年以前的电影定的级。•M，X或P：这一级中的电影基本上不适合在大院线里公映，都属於限制类的•EARLYCHILDHOODTitlesratedEC(EarlyChildhood)havecontentthatmaybesuitableforages3andolder.