搜索
�2011届�题目六位数码管电子钟系别信息电子系专业信息电子工程管理班级信电0811姓名张淑娇指导教师2011年月日目录摘要································································································································1第一章数字电子钟的设计方案················································································21.1数字电子钟的应用意义···············································································21.2数字电子中设计的要求及技术指标··························································21.3设计方案论证································································································2第二章核心器件简介·································································································32.1元器件清单····································································································32.2元器件的识别与测量···················································································32.3单片机芯片····································································································82.3.1单片机的概念······················································································82.3.2AT89C2052高性能8位单片机·························································9第三章电路原理图及工作原理··············································································133.1原理图分析··································································································133.2工作原理······································································································14第四章系统软件设计·······························································································16第五章安装与调试···································································································315.1准备元件和工具··························································································315.2安装、焊接到电路板上·············································································315.3测试与调试··································································································32第六章结束语···········································································································346.1论文总结······································································································346.2工作展望······································································································34参考文献相关资料···································································································36致谢······························································································································37六位数码管电子钟�六位数码管电子钟【摘要】数字钟是一个将“时”�“分”�“秒”显示于人的视觉器官的计时装置。它的计时周期为24小时�显示满刻度为23时59分59秒�另外应有校时功能。因此�一个基本的数字钟电路主要由译码显示器、“时”�“分”�“秒”计数器、校时电路、报时电路和振荡器组成。干电路系统由秒信号发生器、“时、分、秒”计数器、译码器及显示器、校时电路、整点报时电路组成。秒信号产生器是整个系统的时基信号�它直接决定计时系统的精度�一般用石英晶体振荡器加分频器来实现。将标准秒信号送入“秒计数器”�“秒计数器”采用60进制计数器�每累计60秒发出一个“分脉冲”信号�该信号将作为“分计数器”的时钟脉冲。“分计数器”也采用60进制计数器�每累计60分钟�发出一个“时脉冲”信号�该信号将被送到“时计数器”。“时计数器”采用24进制计时器�可实现对一天24小时的累计。译码显示电路将“时”、“分”、“秒”计数器的输出状态送到七段显示译码器译码�通过七位LED七段显示器显示出来。整点报时电路时根据计时系统的输出状态产生一脉冲信号�然后去触发一音频发生器实现报时。校时电路时用来对“时”、“分”、“秒”显示数字进行校对调整的。数字钟是以不同的计数器为基本单元构成的�它的用途十分广泛�只要有计时、计数的存在�便要用到数字钟的原理及结构�同时在日期中�它以其小巧�价格低廉�走时精度高�使用方便�功能多�便于集成化而受广大消费的喜爱。【关键词】�校时电路、报时电路、振荡器六位数码管电子钟�第一章数字电子钟的设计方案论证1.1数字电子钟的应用意义数字电子钟是用数字电路实现“时”、“分”、“秒”数字显示的计时装置�主要由振荡器、分频器、计数器、译码显示器、校时电路、报时电路等六部分组成。这些都是数字电路中应用最广的基本电路。数字电子钟具有计时准确的功能。1.2数字电子钟设计的要求及技术指标1�设计数字电子钟实现准确计时�由六位数码管分别显示„时‟、“分”、“秒”�附加“星期”数码1位显示。2�时与分与秒数字显示模块间各设置一对不同颜色发光二极管�时间单位数字变化时闪烁一次。3�计时误差不超过0.05秒。4�具有整点报时、手动设置修改时间功能控制功能。1.3设计方案论证石英晶体振荡器产生的时脉冲送到分频器�分频电路将时标信号分成每秒一次的方波信号。秒脉冲发生器产生频率稳定很高的秒脉冲�秒脉冲被送到一个六十进制秒计数器计数�将计数结果送至秒个位和十位译码器�译码结果分别由两只七段半导体数码管以十进制数形式显示来。当秒六十进制计数器累计到第59秒时�若再来一个秒脉冲�秒计数器的进位输出就产生进位脉冲�分计数脉冲��同时�秒计数器的十位和个位都复位到零。分计数脉冲又被送到分六十进制计数器计数�经译码电路译码后数码管显示相应的分数。当计满59分59秒时�若再来一个秒脉冲�则分计数器便向时计数器送出时计数脉冲�同时�分、秒计数器均复位到零。时计数器是一个二十四进制计数器�当计数显示23时59分59秒时�若再来一个秒脉冲�则时、分、秒计数器都应回到零�并显示�000000�表示已到达午夜零点�第二天开始继续计数。六位数码管电子钟�第二章核心器件简介2.1元器件清单表2-1元器件清单表序号名称规格位号数量序号名称规格位号数量1单片机AT89C2051U1113三极管9012Q1�Q772三端集成稳压78L05U2114电阻220R3�R9732位共阳数码管红色0.4寸LED1�LED33151KR2、R10�R1574发光二极管红色φ3D1�D44162KR17、R1825蜂鸣器5V有源U31175.1KR1616瓷片电容30PFC2、C321810KR1170.1uFC4、C5219按键6*6*5S1、S2、S3382位排针间距2.54J1�J3320电池盒4节5号19集成电路插座20PU1121DC插座5.5*2.1110电解电容10uFC1122电源线双色2P带热缩管111100uFC6123电路板105*55112晶振12MHzY1124说明书A4双面12.2元器件的识别与测量电阻�导体对电流的阻碍作用就叫该导体的电阻电阻器简称电阻�Resistor�通常用“R”表示�是所有电子电路中使用最多的元件。电阻的主要物理特征是变电能为热能�也可说它是一个耗能元件�电流经过它就产生内能。电阻在电路中通常起分压分流的作用�对信号来说�交流与直流信号都可以通过电阻。电阻的种类很多�a.按阻值特性:固定电阻、可调电阻、特种电阻(敏感电阻)。不能调节的�我们称之为固定电阻。而可以调节的�我们称之为可调电阻。常见的例如六位数码管电子钟�收音机音量调节的�主要应用于电压分配的�我们称之为电位器。电阻都有一定的阻值�它代表这个电阻对电流流动阻挡力的大小。在国际单位制中�电阻的单位是Ω�欧姆��此外还有KΩ�千欧��MΩ�兆欧�。其中�1MΩ=1000KΩ�1KΩ=1000Ω。阻值和误差的标注方法a.直标法—将电阻器的主要参数和技术性能用数字或字母直接标注在电阻体上eg�5.1kΩ5%5.1kΩJb.文字符号法—将文字、数字两者有规律组合起来表示电阻器的主要参数eg:0.1Ω=Ω1=0R1�3.3Ω=3Ω3=3R3�3K3=3.3KΩc.色标法—用不同颜色的色环来表示电阻器的阻值及误差等级.普通电阻一般有4环表示�精密电阻用5环d.数码法用三位数字表示元件的标称值。从左至右�前两位表示有效数位�第三位表示10^n(n=0�8)。当n=9时为特例�表示10^(-1)。0-10欧带小数点电阻值表示为XRX,RXX.eg:471=470Ω105=1M2R2=2.2Ω塑料电阻器的103表示10*10^3=10k。片状电阻多用数码法标示�如512表示5.1kΩ。电容上数码标示479为47*10^(-1)=4.7pF。而标志是0或000的电阻器�