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Attributiveclauses定语从句PartⅠ关系代词和关系副词关系代词用法关系代词指代在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhomwhose(=ofwhich)人／物主／宾/表物主／宾/表人主／宾/表人宾人／物定关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语定语从句中关系词的选择：“缺啥补啥”看从句中缺少什么成分，从句中缺主语、宾语或表语用which,who，that，as或whom（只做宾语）.其中指人时用who,whom,as。指物时用which,that,as。作定语意为“…的”的时候用whose。作状语时候用关系副词when,where,why等。注意：定语从句关系词中没有how,whatPractice1.Theman______________istalkingtomeisafriendofmyfather’s.2.Theschool__________________isfamousherehasalonghistory.3.Iliveinthehouse_________windowsfacesouth.4.Heissuchaperson________welikeverymuch.that/whothat/whichwhoseas5.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wewereinthecountry.6.Thisisthepark____________youtookphotoslastSunday.7.Thatwasthereason__________helookedold.when/onwhichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhichPartⅡ通常只能使用that或which的场合All________wehavetodoistopracticeeveryday.Thefirstlesson_______Ilearnedwillneverbeforgottenthat1.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等that2.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时只用that的场合Ihavereadallthebooks________yougaveme.that3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just,all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰时，宜用that.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons__________theyrememberedintheschool.4.先行词既有人又有物时，宜用that.thatWhoistheboy________washerejustnow?Whichisthebike________youlost?5.当主语是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that，以免与先行词重复thatthatMycomputerisnolongerthemachine_______itwas.6.当定语从句的谓语动词是be，需要关系代词作表语时，宜用thatthatThisisthehousein______JiXiaolanusedtolive.which1.介词提到关系代词前时，宜用which。如forwhich,onwhich,inwhich,ofwhich等。Theexperimentisveryimportant,_______indeeditis.2.引导非限制性定语从句时，宜用which。which只用which的场合PartⅢ限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.Themanwhogreetedmeismyteacher.()2.John,whogreetedme,ismyteacher.()RestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause向我打招呼的那个人是我的老师。约翰是我的老师。他向我打过招呼。指出下面两个句子哪个是限制性定语从句哪个是非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法译成先行词的定语：“……的”通常译成主句的并列句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1.引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子。ThatPeterwillmarryAlice,whichhasnotbeenannouncedyet,hasspreadaround.2.除which外，还可用when,where,who,whom等关系副词或代词引导非限制性定语从句。Aftergraduation,IdecidedtostayinChongqing,whereIspentmychildhoodandfouryearsofcollegelife.3.在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.4.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。Ilikethebook,whichwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。5.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用forwhich代替why。Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。介词+关系词的定义定语从句中的介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前，介词后关系代词只能用which,whom,且不能省略.Heistheperson_____________youspoketothat/who/whomHeistheperson_______youspoke.whomThisisthehouse__________Ilived4yagoinThisisthehouse______Ilived4yagothat/whichwhich关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which。1.Iwon’tforgetthedateonwhichIwasborn.2.ThisistheroominwhichIlived.3.Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichhehaven’tcometoday.4.TomstillremembersthedaysinwhichtheylivedinTianjin.5.HangzhouistheplacetowhichIwentlastyear.6.Irememberthedayonwhichmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.=when=where=why=when=where=when介词+关系词中介词的选择①根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。②根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。③根据句意的需要来确定介词。Themoney____whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforgettheday____whichhefailedintheexam.一、根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词withthemoney用钱onwithontheday在那天二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定Heisreallytheperson____whomwehavealottolearn.TheWestLake,_____whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.fromlearnfromsb.向某人学习forbefamousfor因…而出名Air,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.三、根据句意来确定Thisismypairofglasses,________whichIcannotseeclearly.withoutwithoutPartⅤas与which引导定语从句的区别as和which的区别as和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如，Hemarriedher，which／aswasnaturalIwasveryusefultohim，which/asherealized．但下列情况下as和which一般不能互换：1.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中，而which指前面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主句之后，如：Asourteacherpointsout，thatbookisofbenefittoeveryone．hewaslateagainthismorning,whichmakeshisteacherunhappy.2．as含有正如、按照、正像之意，as一般用在肯定句中，而which则可以用于含否定意义的句子中，如：Hefailedintheexamagain，aswasexpectedHefailedintheexamagain，whichwasunexpected．3．下列固定结构，一般不能用which，如：ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述asoftenhappens正像经常发生的那样asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知aswehaveexpected正如我们预料的那样ashasbeenmentionedabove正如上面提到的aswecansee正如大家看到的那样as引导的限制性定语从句1.as常用于thesame...as,such...as结构中。如：1）Ihaveneverseensuchalazymanasyou(are).2）Letchildrenreadsuchbooksaswillmakethembetterandwiser.2.thesame...that与thesame...as的区别thesame...that即指同一事物；而thesame...as相似事物。如：1)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.2)Thisisthesame(kindof)penasIlostyesterday.3.such…as与such…that的区别such…as引导限制性定语从句，such…that引导结果状语从句。Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.PartⅥ关系副词的用法Ihaven’tseenhimsincetheyearwhenhewentabroadTomorrowIwillgotothetownwhereIwasborn.Ireallydon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateagain.判断关系