考研水力学复习要点范文

我爱你们，你们爱我吗，亲爱的文友，大家好，祝大家开心每一天。想到这里，他立即带上两个测工，肩扛手拎着仪器，硬是徒步走到了现场。sectionoftheDepartmentofprojectmanagement;Projectdocumentsandinformation:ProjectEngineeringDepartment;Materialsandequipment:materialsupplyprojects;Securitycontrols:theprojectDepartmentofsafetyandsecurity;Constructionmachinery:ProjectEngineeringDepartment;Financial:ProjectManagementDepartmentoffinance;Securityandfireservices:projectsecurity.3.3.5managementrepresentativeandprojectmanagerinthisitemspecifiesthattheChiefEngineeristhemanagementrepresentative,responsiblefortheoperationofqualitymanagementsystemandsupervision,regardlessofhowhisotherresponsibilities,shouldhaveaclearmandateto:ensurethatthequalitymanagementsystemisimplementedandmaintained;Therunningofthequalitymanagementsystemtotheprojectmanager,includingneededimprovements;Alwaysbeawarethatthecustomer'sneedsandrequirements.3.43.4.1projectmanagementreviewshouldbeanannualreviewofitsqualitymanagementsystemtoensureitscontinuingsuitability,adequacyandeffectiveness.3.4.2Administrationreviewbytheprojectmanagerresponsiblefororganizationandimplementation,projectqualitycontrolDepartmentisresponsibleforspecifictasks.3.4.3themanagementreviewshouldcompareandevaluatethefollowinginput:internalandexternalqualityauditsandcorrectiveeffect;Customerfeedbackontheconstruction,installation,commissioning,serviceinformation(complaintsandsatisfaction);Qualityrecords,qualitycompliancewithtrendreports,analysisofresults;Combinedwiththequalitypolicyandtheachievementofthegoals,statusandsuitabilityevaluationofthequalitymanagementsystemtodeterminecorrective,preventiveandimprovementmeasuresofperformance.3.4.4evaluationmethodandprocedure(1)review:bytheprojectmanager,projectmanager,functionaldepartmentsandheadsofspecializedOne绪论1、水力学的任务:一、研究液体（主要是水）的平衡。二、液体机械运动的规律及其实际应用。2、液体的主要物理性质：2.1、惯性、质量与密度惯性力：当液体受外力作用使运动状态发生改变时，由于液体的惯性引起对外界抵抗的反作用力。F＝－m*a单位：N量纲：MLT-2密度：是指单位体积液体所含有的质量。国际单位：kg/m3量纲：[ML-3]一个标准大气压下，温度为4℃，蒸馏水密度为1000kg/m3。2.2万有引力特性与重力万有引力：是指任何物体之间相互具有吸引力的性质，其吸引力称为万有引力。重力：地球对物体的引力称为重力，或称为重量。2.3粘滞性与粘滞系数当液体处在运动状态时，若液体质点之间存在着相对运动，则质点间要产生内摩擦力抵抗其相对运动，这种性质称为液体的粘滞性，此内摩擦力又称为粘滞力。牛顿内摩擦定律：：流速梯度。：剪切变形速度。动力粘滞系数，简称粘度，随液体种类不同而异的比例系数。国际单位：牛顿•秒／米2牛顿内摩擦定律：作层流运动的液体，相邻液层间单位面积上所作用的内摩擦力（或粘滞力），与流速梯度成正比，同时与液体的性质有关。牛顿内磨擦定律适用条件：只能适用于牛顿流体。2.4压缩性及压缩率2.5表面张力表面张力仅在自由表面存在，液体内部并不存在。大小：用表面张力系数来度量。单位：牛顿／米（N/m）。3、连续介质和理想液体、实际液体的概念3.1连续介质：即假设液体是一种连续充满其所占据空间毫无空隙的连续体。3.2理想液体：就是把水看作绝对不可压缩、不能膨胀、没有粘滞性、没有表面张力的连续介质。3.3有没有考虑粘滞性：是理想液体和实际液体的最主要差别。4、作用于液体上的力4.1表面力：作用于液体的表面，并与受作用的表面面积成比例的力。例如摩擦力、水压力。4.2质量力：是指通过所研究液体的每一部分质量而作用于液体的、其大小与液体的质量成比例的力。如重力、惯性力。5、水力学的研究方法5.1理论分析5.2科学实验。包括原型观测、模型试验、系统试验。5.3数值计算dtddydu2/msNdydudtd我爱你们，你们爱我吗，亲爱的文友，大家好，祝大家开心每一天。想到这里，他立即带上两个测工，肩扛手拎着仪器，硬是徒步走到了现场。sectionoftheDepartmentofprojectmanagement;Projectdocumentsandinformation:ProjectEngineeringDepartment;Materialsandequipment:materialsupplyprojects;Securitycontrols:theprojectDepartmentofsafetyandsecurity;Constructionmachinery:ProjectEngineeringDepartment;Financial:ProjectManagementDepartmentoffinance;Securityandfireservices:projectsecurity.3.3.5managementrepresentativeandprojectmanagerinthisitemspecifiesthattheChiefEngineeristhemanagementrepresentative,responsiblefortheoperationofqualitymanagementsystemandsupervision,regardlessofhowhisotherresponsibilities,shouldhaveaclearmandateto:ensurethatthequalitymanagementsystemisimplementedandmaintained;Therunningofthequalitymanagementsystemtotheprojectmanager,includingneededimprovements;Alwaysbeawarethatthecustomer'sneedsandrequirements.3.43.4.1projectmanagementreviewshouldbeanannualreviewofitsqualitymanagementsystemtoensureitscontinuingsuitability,adequacyandeffectiveness.3.4.2Administrationreviewbytheprojectmanagerresponsiblefororganizationandimplementation,projectqualitycontrolDepartmentisresponsibleforspecifictasks.3.4.3themanagementreviewshouldcompareandevaluatethefollowinginput:internalandexternalqualityauditsandcorrectiveeffect;Customerfeedbackontheconstruction,installation,commissioning,serviceinformation(complaintsandsatisfaction);Qualityrecords,qualitycompliancewithtrendreports,analysisofresults;Combinedwiththequalitypolicyandtheachievementofthegoals,statusandsuitabilityevaluationofthequalitymanagementsystemtodeterminecorrective,preventiveandimprovementmeasuresofperformance.3.4.4evaluationmethodandprocedure(1)review:bytheprojectmanager,projectmanager,functionaldepartmentsandheadsofspecializedTwo水静力学1、静水压强及其特性取微小面积，令作用于的静水压力为静水压强的两个重要特性：1.1静水压强的方向与受压面垂直并指向受压面。1.2任一点静水压强的大小和受压面方向无关，或者说作用于同一点上各方向的静水压强大小相等。2、等压面：静水压强值相等的点连接成的面（可能是平面也可能是曲面）。等压面性质：2.1在平衡液体中等压面即是等势面。2.2等压面与质量力正交。3、重力作用下静水压强的基本公式自由面上的气体压强。不可压缩均质液体平衡微分方程4、绝对压强与相对压强、真空度4.1绝对压强设想没有大气存在的绝对真空状态作为零点计量的压强，称为绝对压强。总是正的。4.2相对压强把当地大气压作为零点计量的压强，称为相对压强。可正可负。以表示绝对压强，p表示相对压强，则表示当地的大气压强。则有4.3相对压强为负值时，则称该点存在真空。真空度是指该点绝对压强小于当地大气压强的数值。5、压强的液柱表示法，水头与单位势能98kPa=1个工程大气压（at）＝10m水柱＝736mm水银柱静水压强的基本方程式Cgpzz：位置水头，静止液体内任意点在参考坐标平面以上的几何高度。测压管水头。压强水头，是该点的测压管内液柱高度。代表了单位重量液体所具有的位能。代表单位重量液体所具有的压能。6、曲面静水总压力垂直分力V：压力体柱体体积水平分力AFppA0limAApFghpp00p)(dzfdyfdxfdpdzxpdyypdxxpzyx'papghpppa''pp