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1直接引语间接引语一、概念在日常交流中，有时我们需要引述别人的话。直接引用别人的原话（放在引号内）就是直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。二、直接引语转换成间接引语时，间接引语多为带宾语从句的主从复合句，转移过程应注意下列变化：1）动词间接引语主句动词主要有say,ask,tell等。如：Hesaidtomum,“Icandohouseworkforyou.”—Hetoldmumthathecoulddohouseworkforher.Shesaidtome,“Doyoulikemilk?”—SheaskedmeifIlikedmilk.2)句式/连词直接引语间接引语陈述句say+that＋从句tell+sb.+that＋从句疑问句一般疑问句ask/wonder+whether/if+从句选择疑问句ask/wonder+whether…+or…/ornot反意疑问句ask/wonder+whether/if+从句特殊疑问句ask+sb.+特殊疑问词+从句祈使句ask/tell/advice/+sb.+(not)todosthsuggestthat+从句感叹句What或that引导例子：陈述句：ShesaidtomeIwillcamebackanhourago.Shetoldme(shesaidtome)thatshehadcomebackanhourbefore.一般疑问句：Shesaid,AreyougoinginterestedinEnglish.Heask(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.选择疑问句：Iaskedhim,“willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?Iaskhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.反意疑问句：You'vealreadygotwell,haven'tyou?sheasked.Sheaskedwhether/ifhe(I)hadalreadygotwell.特殊疑问句：Heaskme,What'syourname?Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.如果在直接引语的特殊疑问句中，疑问句做主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化.whocananswermyquestion?theteachersaidtous.Theteacheraskeduswhocouldanswerthequestion.whosepictureisthemostbeautifulinyourclass?askedtheboy'sfather.Theboy'sfatheraskedhimwhosepicturewasthemostbeautifulinhisclass.祈使句：Hesaidtomeshutthewindow,pleaseHeaskmetoshutthewindow.Hesaid,Don'tmakesomuchnoiseHetoldusnottomakesomuchnoise.Let'sgotothecinema.Tomsaid.Tomsuggestedthattheyshouldgotothecinema.感叹句：Shesaid,Whatalovelydayitis!Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.Hesaid,Howinterestingthestoryis!Shesaidhowinterestingthestorywas.Hesaidthatthestorywasinteresting.三、直接引语转换成间接引语“闯五关”第一关：人称代词与指示代词直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称代词和指示代词的变化。要根据说话的对象进行人称的变化，并使句子的意思前后一致。如：“Youshouldbecarefulnexttime，”myfathersaidtome.→MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbecarefulnexttime.Tomsaidtome,“IcanhelpyouwithyourEnglish.”—TomtoldmethathecouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.2Hesaid,“Thisbookisn’tmine.”→Hesaidthatbookwasn’this.代词人称人称的变化——“一主、二宾、三不变”。意为在改为间接引语时，直接引语里的第一人称照主句的主语变化。第二人称看主语的宾语而变化，第三人称无需变化。直接引语第一人称第二人称第三人称间接引语与主语一致与宾语一致不变试比较：TomsaidtoKate,Areyougoingtherewithme?Tomaskkateifshewasgoingwithhim.第一人称me随主语Tom变化为him,，第二人称you随Kate变化为she。katesaidtoTom,Areyougoingtherewithme?KateaskTomifhewasgoingwithher.第一人称me随主语Kate变化为her,第二人称you随宾语Tom变成he。IsaidtoTom,Areyougoingtherewithme?iaskTomifhewasgoingwithme.第一人称me随主语I变化，第二人称you随Tom变化为he.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化类别直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythatdaythisevening/tonightthatevening/thatnightyesterdaythedaybeforethreedaysagothreedaysbeforenextweekthenextweektomorrowthenextday地点状语herethere方向性动词comegobringtake第二关：引导词1.如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，要用连词that来引导。如：Shesaid,“I’mverygladtohavesuchachance.”→Shesaidthatshewasverygladtohavesuchachance.2.如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，要用连词if或whether引导。如：Heaskedme,“Doyoulikethefilm?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedthefilm.3.如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，要用相应的疑问词引导。如：Mysisteraskedme,“Whatareyoudoing?”→MysisteraskedmewhatIwasdoing.第三关：时间状语和地点状语直接引语变间接引语时，时间状语和地点状语等要做相应的变化。如把now改为then,today改为thatday,yesterday改为thedaybefore,ago改为before,tomorrow改为thenextday,here改为there等。如：Hesaid,“I’llgotheretoday.”→Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatday.注意：如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不用改成go,如果当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow也不用改变。Katesaid,IwillcomeheretomorrowtohelpthesechildrenwiththeirEnglish.KatesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextdaytohelpthosestudentwiththeirEnglish.KatesaidthatshewillcomeheretomorrowtohelpthesechildrenwiththeirEnglish.（在当天当地转述）第四关：时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为现在（或将来）时态，间接引语的时态不变；如果主句为过去时态，间接引语中的谓语动词也要相应地用过去时态。如：1.Hesays,“IamgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.”→HesaysthatheisgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.32.Shesaidtome,“LiPingwillcometomorrow.”→ShetoldmethatLiPingwouldcomethenextday.温馨提示：如果转述的内容是客观真理时，自然现象或是谚语、格言时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Waterboilsat100℃.”→Hesaidthatwaterboilsat100℃.主句（直接引语）是一般现在时，间接引语时态不变；主句是一般过去时，间接引语时态要改为相应的过去时。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时第五关：句子结构的变化直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语要用陈述句的语序。引导词要放在间接引语的最前面，接下来按“主谓宾”顺序排列。即：直接引语转换成间接引语时用陈述语序HeaskedMike,“Wheredidyougo?”→HeaskedMikewherehehadgone.练习：I.请选出正确的答案：1.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.→Sheasked________.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.2.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”→Heaskedme_________.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.3.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_______.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong4.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter5.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”He_____me_______thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don’tdoC.toldme;don’tdoD.toldme;nottodo6.Canyoumakesure___________?A.thathewillcomeheretodayB.whenhewillcomeheretodayC.willhecomeheretodayD.whetherwillhecomeheretoday7.Doyouhappentoknow________?A.whereisheraddressB.inwhichplaceisheraddressC.whatheraddressisD.theplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme___________?A.wherecanIgettothelibraryB.whereIcangettothelibraryC.howcanIgettothelibraryD.howIcangettothelib