1初二英语培优补差一、反身代词的用法一、概念:反身代词又称为自身代词,表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。它还可以在句中起到强调的作用,用以加强语气。二、构成:第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves三、用法:1作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如:Mariaboughtherselfascarf.玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.我们必须好好照顾自己。2作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如:Sheisn’tquiteherselftoday.她今天有点不舒服。3作同位语(1)作主语的同位语。如:SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。ShewillflytoLondonherselftomorrow.(2)作宾语的同位语。Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.我上周见到了那位作家本人。四、用在某些固定短语当中。lookafteroneself=takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth=learnsth.byoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴,过得愉快helponeselftosth请自用……(随便吃/喝些……).hurtoneself摔伤自己saytooneself自言自语loseoneselfin沉浸于,陶醉于……之中leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下buyoneselfsth.给自己买……东西introduceoneself介绍……自己温馨提醒:21反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。如:我自己能完成作业。(误)Myselfcanfinishmyhomework..(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework.2反身代词表示“某人自己”,不能表示“某人的东西”,因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的(东西)”时,须要用one’sown.如:我用我自己的蜡笔画画。(误)I’mdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.(正)I’mdrawingwithmyowncrayons五、精题分析:1.--Whoteaches__________English?--Noone.Iteach__________.A.you;myselfB.your;myselfC.you;me答案:A【解析】代词的用法。考查宾格代词和反身代词的使用。teach+sb.+sth.“教某人某事/物”,双宾语;teachoneself“自学”的意思。故选择A。2-Help____tosomecakes,Jim.---Thankyou.A.youB.yourC.yourselfD.yourselves答案C【解析】反身代词。Helponeselfto意为“随便吃点……”Jim是一个人,应该用yourself.故答案选C。3.—HowwasyourvisittotheWorldParkinBeijing?—Wonderful!Weenjoyedverymuch.A.itselfB.myselfC.yourselvesD.ourselves答案D【解析】enjoyoneself玩的高兴,we的反身代词是ourselves,故答案选D。4.-Howdidyourunclelearntoplaytheguitar?-ByA.myselfB.yourselfC.herselfD.Himself答案:D【解析】反身代词的用法。by后加反身代词,表示“某人自己的”,主语为youruncle故用himself。5.—Icouldlookafter____whenIwasfive.—Really?Ican’tbelieveit.A.myselfB.herselfC.himselfD.yourself答案:A【解析】考查反身代词的用法。句意:-当我五岁时,我能照顾好我自己。-真的吗?我不相信。lookafteroneself照顾某人自己。6.Teenagersshouldlearntoprotect______fromallkindsofdanger.A.themB.theyC.theirD.themselves答案:D【解析】考查代词辨析。them意为“他们”,作宾格;they意为“他们”,作主格;their意为“他们的”,作形容词性物主代词,后面跟名词;themselves意为“他们自己”,作反身代词。句意为“青少年应该学会保护自己免受各种危险。”protectoneself意为“保护自己”。故选D。7.—Canyoucookby____?—Yes,IcancookwellA.youB.yoursC.yourself答案:C【解析】本题考查代词的用法。byyourself表示单独地,独自地。根据题意:-你能独自烹饪吗?-是的,我能做得很好。故本题选C。38.—Help___tosomefruits.—Thankyou.A.yourselfB.YourC.You答案:A【解析】反身代词的用法。Helponeselftosth意为“请随意吃;自便”,这是招待客人的常用语。句意:“请随便吃水果。”“谢谢。”。故选A。9.IBelieveICanFlyisanicesongbyR.Kelly.Thissongtellsusthatbelievinginisveryimportant.A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.itself答案:B【解析】考查反身代词这里告诉我们,第一人称,是我们相信我们自己10.NobodyteachesmeEnglish.Ilearnitallby______.A.IB.myC.myselfD.me答案:C【解析】考查反身代词的用法。根据句意:没有教我英语,我自学的。By+反身代词表示某人自己/亲自,主语为I所以用myself。七、精题练习:一.选择。()1.Thosegirlsenjoyed____inthepartylastnight.A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.herself()2.Help____tosomefish,children.A.yourselfB.yourC.yoursD.yourselves()3.Thefilm____isveryfun.A.it’sB.itselfC.itD.its()4.–Whoteaches____math?–Iteach______.A.your,myselfB.you,myselfC.you,meD.you,herself()5.Thefatherwillmake____abike____.A.her,himselfB.she,himselfC.her,herselfD.she,herself()6.Thescarfis____,shemadeit_____.A.herself,herB.herself,hersC.hers,herselfD.her,herse()7.LiuHulan’sdeathwasgreat.Shethoughtmoreofothersthan______.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself()8.Luckily,hedidn’thurt____terriblyyesterday.A.himB.ThemselvesC.himselfD.they()10.Ilikewatchinginthemirror.4A.meB.IC.myD.Myself二.用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Wecan’tonlythinkof(we),weshouldthinkofothers.2.Studentsshouldbestrictwith(they).3.Didtheenjoy(them)inthepartylast?4.Help(you)tosomevegetables.JimandJack.5.Theartist(he)willcometoourschoolnextweek.7.Thecatinthemirroris(it).8.Ibought(I)anewdictionarythedaybeforeyesterday.9.I(my)agreewithyou.10.Thelittleboyisonlyfour,hecouldwash(he)andgetdressed.二、动词不定式专项练习一、动词不定式作主语1.It'sourduty_________theroomeveryday.A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans2.It'shardforus_________Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。Itwill_________theworkersoverayear__________________theflyover.4.It'sverynice_______youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,toKeys:1.A2.C3.take,to,build4.B[简析]动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。5常见的句式有:(1)Itis+形容词(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+名词(forsb)todosth(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth(4)Itis+形容词(forsb)todosth.句式(1)中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。注意:当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用Itis…to…的句型It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.1)forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2)ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我,你真是太好了。for与of的辨别方法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:Youarenice.(通顺,所以应用of)。Heishard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)A.Itisrighttostopkillingwildanimals.B.ItisthebesttimetovisitUSAinsummer.C.ItishelpfulforustolearnEnglishwell.二、动词不定式作宾语1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking3.Hefounditverydifficult___