(完整)高中英语语法被动语态

1高中英语语法-被动语态一．定义语态(voice)表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系。当主语是动作的动词用（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的，动词便用（PassiveVoice）。被动语态由be＋及物动词的过去分词构成。二.考点：考查时态和语态的掌握、与主谓一致连考题型：①②例1.Theproblemsolvedandtheforeignergotintothetaxi.(短文改错)2.Nowcollegegraduates(encourage)tostarttheirownbusinesswhichsoundsreallygoodforthem.(语法填空)3.Trulyelegantchopsticsmight(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.(语法填空)三.做题步骤①判断语态②判断时态③套用具体时态的被动语态形式④注意主谓一致四.各种时态的被动语态形式1)一般现在时：Subject+be(am/is/are)+done(过去分词)2）一般过去时:3）一般将来时:Subject+shall/will/begoingtobedone(过去分词)4）过去将来时:5）现在进行时:Subject+be(am/is/are)beingdone(过去分词)6）过去进行时:7）现在完成时:Subject+has/havebeendone8）过去完成时:9）带有情态动词时:Subject+情态动词＋be＋done(过去分词)五.掌握基础，学以致用(用所给动词适当形式填空)1.Visitors(request)nottotakephotoshere.2.Theclassroommust(clean)everyday.3.I(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIstudiedabroadornot.4.you(invited)toapartyheldinthesckoolhalltomorrow.5.Anewcinema(build)herenow．6.Themanagerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnthatfour-fifthsofthetickets__.(book)7.Ameeting(hold)whenIwasthere.8.----Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?----Notyet,therooms_____.(paint)9.Theletter(receive)already.10.Hesaidasatisfyingplan(put)forwardnextweek.六.被动语态与系表结构的区别并非所有的“be+过去分词”都为被动语态；有些为系表结构。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其区分办法如下：①如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例Thestreetiscrowed.（系表结构）2Sheisveryexcited.（系表结构）Theglassisbroken．（系表结构）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被动语态）②如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例Thecupisbroken.（系表结构）Thecupwasbrokenthismorning.（被动语态）Thedoorislocked．（系表结构）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被动语态）③被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例Themachineisbeingrepaired．七.主动形式表被动意义的情况⑴练习：判断下列句子是否正确1.Thiskindofclothiswashedwell.2.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometownrecentyears.3.Thehouseisbelongedtomyuncle.4.Mydreamhasbeencometrue.5.Thiskindofbookissoldwell.6.Themanwasprovedtobeathiefatlast.7.Thisproblemisdifficulttobeworkedout.8.Thewarwasbrokenoutin1991.9.Whatwillbehappenedinonethousandyears.10.Theclassisbegunat7o’clock.⑵熟记主动形式表被动意义的情况1.英语中有很多动词如break，cook，begin，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear,等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thefoodcookswell.2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout,belongto等以主动形式表示被动意义。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？Allmymoneyranout.所有的钱都用完了。3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel,等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.Thedishestastegreat.4、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。①在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。②形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．3＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．③动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)④在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.Theairhereispleasanttobreathe.注意：①在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.②有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.Theoldmanwastakengoodcareofbyus.综合练习一、选择题()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown4()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_________（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.The