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1高一定语从句讲解嘉定二中高一英语组第一讲1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：whichthat先行词是人：whowhomthat在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。e.g.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句1.Theyhadaradio.Itcouldsendoutmessages.Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.(主语)2.Thegirlismybestfriend.Shespokejustnow.______________________________________________________3.Healwaysbuyssomebooks.Heneverreadthem.______________________________________________________注意点：1.）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g.4.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables.Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.(×)5.Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.(×)2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g.6.Theyoungman(whom)yousawwasourmanager.7.Thereissomething(that)wemustkeepinmind.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1.Themanwhotoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemethename.2.TheairlinehasabookletwhichwilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.3.Hefoundadollarbillthathehadforgotteninasuit.4.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.5.Thereissomebodywhowantstoseeyou.6.ThehouseIwouldliketobuyisnotforsale.7.Thebicyclemyunclegavemewasveryexpensive.第二讲whose的用法：2关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。e.g.1.Thegirlismydaughter.Herworkgotthefirstprize.Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.2.Thebookisnotmine.Thecoverofitisred.Thebookwhosecoverisredisnotmine(Thebookthecoverofwhichisredisnotmine)3.Doyouknowanyone?HisfamilyisinXi’an.________________________________________________________________4.Iliveintheroom.Thewindowsofitfacesouth.________________________________________________________________5.Thechairhasbeenrepaired.Thelegofitwasbroken.________________________________________________________________限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）that与which的区别1）用that而不用which的情况①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,,little,few,muchsomethingsomeone；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有theonly,thevery,any,thesame,thelast等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。5.避免重复Whoisthepersonthatisstandingthere?3e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。______________________________________这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。_______________________________________史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②指代前面整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1.Whatistheaddressofthefactorywhoseadvertisementwenoticedtheotherday.2.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.3.ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidn’trealizeatthetime.4.TheGreatWallwasthefirstplacethatwenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.5.MissSmith,whoyoumetatourhouse,isgoingtomarryMr.Harry.6.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisclassmatessurprised.第三讲关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which或whome.g.1.Themanisafamousrunner.Youtalkedtohimjustnow.Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.2.Thechairismadeofwood.Heissittingonitnow.Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.3.Heisalibraryassistant.Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim._________________________________________________________4.Itisafamousschool.Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago._________________________________________________________介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(shakehandswith…是习惯性搭配)介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throughwhich即throughthetelescope)4有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，(lookaftertakecareoflookfor)e.g.5.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.6.Thenumberofthechildrenis30./Shetakescareofthechildren.Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分1.Thisisthehouseaboutwhichwewrotetoyou.2.WuDong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.3.Heusedtoliveinabighouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.4.ThisisPeterinwhosehouseIhavelivedforfiveyears.第四讲关系副词：whenwherewhy当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:e.g.1.Iwillneverforgettheday./Iwenttouniversityonthatday.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.2.Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.______________________________________________________________当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:e.g.3.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheusedtolive.4.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim________________________________________________________5_____先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for＋which来代替:e.g.5.Idon’tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.6.Thereasonforwhich/whyhewasfiredwasnotclear..Iwillneverforgettheday_which/that/不填___wespenttogetherinthecountrysideIwillneverforgetthedays__duringwhich/when___westayedtogetherinthecountrysideThisisthereason__that/which/不填_theytoldmeThisisthereason_forwh