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定语从句一、基本概念：定语：定语从句：Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.引导词：关系词关系代词有：that,who,whom,whose,which;在从句中充当：关系副词有：when,where,why.在从句充当：先行词：定语从句中引关系词的作用：二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1．Heisthemanlivesnextdoor.ThetrainhasjustleftisforShenzhen.2．Theman________wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.Whereisthebook___________Iboughtlastweek?（二）关系副词的用法：1．Istillrememberthetime________Ifirstbecameacollegestudent.Doyouknowthedate__________Lincolnwasborn?(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.如：IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.2．当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：I’llneverforgettheday_________myhometownwasliberated.I’llneverforgetthedays____________wespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactory____________radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory______________makesradioparts.三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?2．非限制性定语从句ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.Asaboy,hewasalwaysmakingthings,mostofwhichwereelectric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有who,whom,whose,which,when和where不可以用that和why。注意：ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohn,whowaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.=YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohnandhewaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.4．先行词为整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，用which或as来引导。如：Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.注：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、中、后，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.（2）as常译成“就象……那样”，正如….as的短语Aseverybodyknows,Luxunisafamouswriter.Luxun,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.asweallknow,asoftenhappens,asyousee,asisknowntoallasisexpected,ashasbeensaidbefore,asIcanremember四．关系词的选择1．在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，只能用that，不用which的情况：(1)当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。如：Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.(2)当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。如：Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：Isthatthebestthatyoucando?That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.(5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.(7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?2.在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，用who(m)，而不用that的情况：(1)当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等词时。如：Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.(2)当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时。如：Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.3.在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等词所修饰时。如：Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.4介词+关系代词介词的选择1.介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词搭配Humanhavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmenttheylive.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,Iwasgrateful.2.介词与先行词搭配Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich3.ofwhich的用法1）Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich2）Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich选择正确的介词：oninforofwithto1.Idisagreewiththefacts____whichyourargumentisbased.2.Thesong,___whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.3.Thisisthereason____whichheoftencomestoschoollate.4.Iwillneverforgettheway____whichmyfathertaughtme.5.Thisistheboy_____whomwe’reproud.6.Iwanttofindtheverypen___whichIwrotetheletter.7.Theyaretheboys____whomourteachersarespeakinghighly.8.Itisnecessarytonametheperson____whomthecardsbelong.9.Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends___whomyoucanshareyourhappiness.10.Iwouldliketodobusinesswiththosepeople___whomIcanrely.高中定语从句专项练习题1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarf