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经济学人精读教材有道考神团队@陈曲Frank致各位亲爱的同学们：大家好，我是有道考神团队的陈曲老师。欢迎大家选择经济学人课程，我们的课程时间持续一周，具体为：7月18日19:00-20:00精讲篇章1–killsevendiseases,save1.2mlivesayear（医疗类）7月19日19:00-20:00精讲篇章2–hyperactive,yetpassive（经济类）7月20日19:00-20:00精讲篇章3–clearthinkingonclimatechange（环境类）7月21日19:00-20:00精讲篇章4–thefutureofcomputing（科技类）7月22日19:00-20:00精讲篇章5–who’safraidofthecheapoil（经济类）7月23日19:00-20:00精讲篇章6–migrantcrisis（移民危机）请大家注意以下注意事项：1.讲义以课文为主，请各位同学课前预习课文，查出不认识的单词。2.请各位同学准备好笔记本，授课时做好笔记，微博晒笔记有陈曲老师专属的礼品赠送。3.除了课文外，陈曲老师还精心挑选了课后的阅读篇章。供大家研读学习。4.关于这些文章，大家既可以阅读讲义，也可以下载本网盘中pdf格式的期刊。经济学人班级群号：379490754验证：有道学堂经济学人（四六级暑假班学员可不用重复加入此群哦~）5.我的新浪微博：陈曲Frank，微博里会持续有一些更新内容，大家可以借鉴。特别鸣谢eco中文网，讲义中大量的翻译均有其提供！译文仅作参考！大家一起学习一点真正的英语（AuthenticEnglish）！Passage1:EradicatingDiseaseOct10th2015|FromtheprinteditionViralandparasiticdiseasesarenotonlyworthkillingoff,theyarealsoincreasinglyvulnerable.TOEXTERMINATEalivingspeciesbyaccidentisnormallyfrownedon.Todosodeliberatelymightthusseemanextraordinarysin.ButifthatspeciesisPlasmodiumfalciparum,thesinmaybeexcused.Thisparasiticorganismcausesthemostdeadlyformofmalaria.Togetherwithfourcousins,itisresponsibleforabout450,000deathsayear,andtheruinationofthelivesofmillionsmorepeoplewhosurvivetheinitialcrisisofdisease.Besidesthedirectsufferingthiscauses,thelosthumanpotentialisenormous.TheGatesFoundation,anAmericancharity,reckonsthateradicatingmalariawouldbringtheworld$2trillionofbenefitsby2040.Malariaisoneoftheworstexamplesofthedamagethattransmissiblediseasescanwreak.Butitisnotalone.AIDScarriesofffit,youngadultsbythemillionsandtuberculosisbythehundredsofthousands.Measles,whoopingcoughanddiarrhoeatogetherkillover1mchildrenayear.Parasiticwormsandmosquito-borneviruseslikedengue,thoughtheytakerelativelyfewlives,debilitatemany.Campaignshavebroughtthetolldownheroically.Asrecentlyas2000,malariakilledaround850,000peopleayear;likewise,since2000deathsfrommeasleshavefallenby75%,toaround150,000.Thesesuccessesaretobecelebrated,butanevengreaterprizeexists:togobeyondcontrollinginfectionsandinfestationsandinsteadtoeradicatesomeofthemcompletely,byexterminatingthepathogensandparasitesthatcausethem.Thathasbeenaccomplishedacoupleoftimesinthepast,forsmallpox(ahumandisease)andrinderpest(acattlediseasesimilartomeasles).Theendisreckonedtobecloseforpolio(avirusthatoncekilledandcrippledmillions)anddracunculiasis(aparasiticworm).Butmoremustfollow.SwatteamsSomediseasesarenotsuitableforeradicationbecausetheorganismsthatcausethemhangaroundintheenvironment,orhaveotheranimalhosts.Others,suchastuberculosis,caninfectpeople“silently”,withoutcausingsymptoms,soareinvisibletodoctors.Butsometimestheculpritisapovertyofambition.Alistoffiveplausibletargets—measles,mumps,rubella,filariasisandporktapeworm—hashardlychangedsincetheearly1990s,yetmeasles,mumpsandrubellaareallthesubjectsofintensivevaccinationcampaignsthatcouldeasilybeconvertedintoonesoferadication.AndeventhoughSwazilandispoisedtobecomethefirstmalaria-freecountryinsub-SaharanAfrica,onlyafewdaretomakeexplicitthegoalofriddingtheplanetofthedisease.HepatitisCshouldbemadeatarget,too.Itkillshalfamillionayear,andaffectsrichandpoorcountriesalike,yetnewdrugsagainstitarealmost100%effectiveandtherearenosilentcarriers.Eradicatingthesesevendiseases—thefive,plusmalariaandhepatitisC—wouldsaveayearlytotalof1.2mlives.Itwouldtransformcountlessmore.Peoplearguethatthecostofchasingdownthelastfewcasesofadiseaseisnotworthit.Ifthemass-vaccinationcampaignsunderwaycanlowertheincidenceofmeasles,mumps,rubellaandsooninpoorcountriestosomethingclosetorich-worldlevels,theargumentgoes,thatissurelygoodenough.Well,itisn't.Adiseasecanbounceback.Thatiswhatmalariadidinthe1960s,whenpoliticalattentionwaned,andtheparasitesthatcauseitevolvedresistancetodrugsandthemosquitoesthatspreaditevolvedresistancetoinsecticides.Threebigimprovementsunderpintheargumentforthrowingeradication'snetmorewidely.Thefirstisbettercommunications.Thetechnologyforlocatingandmonitoringcasesofdiseaseinpoorcountries,evenwhenfewandfarbetween,hasimprovedimmeasurablyinthepasttwodecadeswiththespreadofmobilephonesandtheinternet,andtheexpansionofroadnetworks.Thesecondisbettermedicaltechnology.Thereasonfilariasisisonthe“possibles”list,forexample,istheinventionofivermectin,adrugthatkillsthewormwhichcausesit.Theinventorsofthisdrugwonhalfofthisyear'sNobelprizeformedicine.Theotherhalfwaswonbythewomanwhocameupwithananswertodrugresistanceinmalaria—amedicinecalledartemisinin,whichhasbeencrucialtothesuccessoftherecentpushagainstthedisease.(Thistime,alerttotheriskofresistance,doctorshaveformulateditwithotherdrugstocreatecombinationtherapiesthatnaturalselectionfindshardtogetaround.)Evenbettertechnologyisinthepipeline.Inthecaseofmosquito-borneillnessessuchasmalariaanddengue,geneticengineeringpromiseswaysofmakingtheinsectsresistanttothepathogensthattheypassontopeople,ofcrashingthemosquitopopulation,andevenofattackinginsectsandpathogenswithgeneticallymodifiedfungiandbacteria.Geneticengineeringalsopromisesawiderangeofnewvaccines.Thethirdreasonforseekingeradicationisachangeinpoliticalattitudes.TheemergenceofAIDS,inpar