高中定语从句

定语定语——修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句•Theblackbikeismine.••Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.•TheboyintheroomisJack.•Itisaswimmingpool.定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.TheboycalledJimismybrother。Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?定语从句放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that,which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。eg.Theman(that/whotoldusafunnystory)isinthenextroom.主语Ilostthebook((that/which)yougaveme).宾语Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质themachineamachinethat/whichTheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.herTheladywesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy=whotheboy’s=whoseintheschool=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：指物：thatwhich指人：who(主/宾格)thatwhom（宾格）关系代词that,which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语)ThisisabookIboughtthebookyesterday.Thisisthebookwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.which/that指物，作主语，不能省。作宾语，可以省。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.ThisrecorderwhichheisusingismadeinJapan.whichHeistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语)who/that作主语.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语)/thatwho/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)Theboyismyfriend..I‘mlookingfortheboyTheboy(who/whom/that)I‘mlookingforismyfriend.ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.ThemanwhomInoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系=ofwhichthedoor=thedoorofwhichTheyliveinahousewhosedoorisblue.eg:他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。=ofwhomthedaughter=thedaughterofwhomeg:Heisthelawyerwhosedaughterwentabroad.三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空1.Thefamily_____________I’mstayingwithlivesintown.2.Iknowthestudent______articlewaspublished.3.Betty,_____hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.4.Myparentsliveinahouse____________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_____Johnspokeismybrother.6.Luckilynoneofthepeople______Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(which/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略介词+关系代词定语从句Iagreewiththeidea______________youapproveofthat\which\（leaveout)做of的宾语Iagreewiththeidea（主句）_____YouapproveofwhichIagreewiththeidea___________youapproveofofwhich这就叫介词提前的关系代词，prep+关系代词请还原which在从句中的位置Thisistheboy.Iplayedtennis_____theboyyesterday.We‘llgotohearthefamoussinger.Wehaveoftentalked_____thefamoussinger.withaboutThisistheboywhom/that///whoIplayedtenniswith.We‘llgotohearthefamoussingerwhom/who/that//wehaveoftentalkedabout.withabout××××××Thisistheboy.Iplayedtennis_____theboyyesterday.We‘llgotohearthefamoussinger.Wehaveoftentalked_____thefamoussinger.withaboutThisistheboywhom/that///whoIplayedtenniswith.We‘llgotohearthefamoussingerwhom/who/that//wehaveoftentalkedabout.withabout××××××1.根据从句中的动词搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前我照顾的那个老人好多了。TheoldmanafterwhomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.介词+whom/which如何判断介词forThisisourclassroom,inthefrontofwhichthereisateac