从意象图式看隐喻的构建与识解

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201050,ArnieKlein,,LarryKing:A(LarryKing):Adoctorshouldfeelthatway,right?B(ArnieKlein):Well,that’stheonlywayIcouldfeel...,LarryKingMichael,:A(LarryKing):You’veworkedwithaddicts,haveyounot?B(ArnieKlein):Iwroteabookonheroinaddiction.AndImeanIthinkwhat’shappeningwithdrugsnowisadisaster.Imeanwhenyoulookattheactorfromthe“Batman.”Imeanlookwhathappenedtohim.,———“”、“”“”(),,。,,。:Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn’the?()Youcallthisaday’swork,doyou?(),,,(),:Heisaniceman,don’tyouthink?She’syourdaughter,amIright?He’snotondutynow,doyousuppose?AgoodomenforpoorEnglish,eh?Thosekidsdidn’twastemuchtime,hey?It’sagoodfilm,what?Youhavetohavechemistrytowin,doyouagree?Yourememberedtheeggs,right?、AmyB.M.Tsui,,。,,,“+”、“”、“”,,。,(CNN,NPR)。,,。:[1].[J].,2008,(1).[2].[J].,1996,(6).[3].[J].,1999,(1).[4].··[J].,2003,(10).[5]AmyB.M.Tsui.[M].:,2000,(9):80.[6]RobertSiegel(withNPR),YaoMing:OlympicsHaveChanged,http://=90483768,May15,2008.[7]CNNLARRYKINGLIVE,InterviewwithMichaelJack-son’sDoctor,http://archives.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0907/08/lkl.01.html,July8,2009.:,、,,,。,,,。,,、。:1.,。1980,G.LakoffM.Johnson《》。,,、,。,。?,,。,、、、、(,1998)。,、、、。,,。,———,,。2.2.1Johnson(1978:xiv):,。Oakley(2004):,。Oakley。,,。,,,((),266555)○91201050。,,;,。,;,,,。:(1)Wegotouniversityfromhome.(2)Awaterdroprollsfromthetableontothefloor.(3)ThehighwaylinksBeijingandShanghai.(,2007)。,,。“——”。,(path-schema)。,。2.2Johnson(1987,TheBodyintheMind、27。、:(ContainerSchema);—(Part—WholeSchema);(LinkSchema);—(Center—PeripherySchema);——(Source—Path—GoalSchema);—(Up—DownSchema);—(Front—BackSchema);(LinearOrderSchema),。3.,,“,”(,1998)。、,,CM()ICM(),(,2007)。,,,,,,。。3.1,Lakoff:。,,,,。。:A.Hecameoutoftheroom.()%Hewokeoutofdeepsleep.()B.Shewalkedintotheroom.()%Shewalkedintoadaze.(),,“—(in-out)”,。,,。。3.1.1——,。,,,;,;,;。,,“—”。“Godisup,badisdown.”“Happyisup,sadisdown.”。:“Iamfeelinguptoday.”“Hewasdownwithillness.”“……”“。”3.1.2——:、。,——。,。,。:“Lifeisajourney.”3.1.3—,,,、。,,“”“”。,,“Heistheheadofourdepartment.”“”。“”“”“—”,,,。3.1.4——。()(、、);,、、。,,。,—。:“BeijingisthepoliticalandculturalcenterofChina.”,“center”,。,—“”“”,。3.1.5,,、,。,、,,。,。。:“Hefallintodeepsleep.”“Thebuildingisgraduallycomingintosight.”3.2,,“”,。,,,,。,“,()”(、,2005),。,,,,,,,,。,、、、、、、,(,1995)。,。“,,,”(,2001)。,、、。,。○92201050,。。4.,,。。,。,,。,。:[1]Lakoff,G.&John,M.MetaphorsWeLiveBy[M].Chica-go:UniversityofChicagoPress,1980.[2]Johnson,M.TheBodyintheMind:TheBodilyBasisofMeaning,Imagination,andReason[M].Chicago:TheUniversityofChicagoPress,1987:126.[3]Oakley,Todd.ImageSchema[A].InDirkGeeraerts&HubertCuyckens(eds.).ToAppearintheHandbookofCognitiveLinguistics[C].OxfordUniversityPress,2004.[4].[M].:,1998:11-12.[5].[J].,2007,(1):81.[6].[M].:,2007:177.[7],.[J].,2005,(2):139.[8].[M].,1998:102.[9].[M].:,2001:68.[10].———[J].,1995,(3).:MetaphorsWeLiveBy,。,。:1.(1),。,。,。(1993)“”:,,。,。,。,,。。(2)MetaphorsWeLiveByMetaphorsWeLiveBy《》。。AB。,、。、,、。(、)。,。,。:Argumentiswar.,。,,。,,,,。,,。,。:1)Youdisagree?Okay,shoot!2)Heattackedeveryweakpointinmyargument.3)Hiscriticismswererightonthetarget.4)Yourclaimsareindefensible.5)Idemolishedhisargument.6)I’veneverwonanargumentwithhim.7)Ifyouusethatstrategy,he’llwipeyouout.8)Heshotdownallofmyarguments.%%%%%%(MetaphorsWeLiveBy,p.4),。,,。:“Theessenceofmetaphorisunderstandingandexperiencingonekindofthingintermsofanother.”,,。、,,,。inflation,:Inflationisanentity.1)Inflationisloweringourstandardofliving.(,221000)○93

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