搜索
第1页2019届江苏高考英语一轮总复习定语从句考点复习精讲牛津译林版定语从句(AttributiveClauses)一：定义定语从句：由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语，修饰主句的某个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句的位置一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时因句子结构需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分分开。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。Thisisthegirlwho/thatteachesusEnglish(who/that指人，修饰先行词thegirl，在从句中作主语)1：先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分。定语从句先行词为指人、物、时间、地点、原因的名词或代词，有时也可以是整个句子。Tomisahandsomeboy.Tomisaboywhoishandsome.Igavehimallmymoney.IgavehimallthemoneythatIhave.Shereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,whichcameasasurprise.2:关系词：连接被修饰的先行词和从句的词叫做关系词。关系词：关系代词：在句中代替指人或物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词有：who,whom,which,whose,that,asHehasahouse.+Thehouseisverybeautiful.第2页Hehasahousethatisverybeautiful.Footballisagamethatislikedbymostboys.Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.关系副词：代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。关系副词有when,where,whyIwillneverforgettheday.+Wefirstmetthen.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.Hedidn’ttellmethetimewhenthemeetingwouldstart.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhecriedlastnight?关系词常有3个作用：1.引导定语从句；2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。3：定语从句分类限制性定语从句：对先行词起限制、区分作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般译成前置定语，意为“......的”。非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，如果省略，也不影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(他可能不止两个儿子)Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(他只有两个儿子)Doyouknowthepeoplewholiveovertheroad?第3页Theaccident,whichtookplaceinKingston,happenedbecauseofthefog.练习1：1.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesarebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that2.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that3.Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that二．关系代词的用法(一)关系代词引导的定语从句先行词关系代词从句中的成分例句人who主、宾、表Doyouknowthemanwhotheteacheristalkingto?Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Mr.Smithisamanwhoweshouldlearnfrom.Theactorisnotthemanwhoheusedtobe.whom宾ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Liu.Theboywhomsheloveddiedinthewar.物which主、宾、表ThevasewhichIbrokeyesterdaywasveryexpensive.Thefishwhichweboughtthismorningwasnotfresh.Childrenlikebookswhichhavepictures.第4页人、物that主、宾、表Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.Idon’tlikethenovelthatyouarereading.whose定Ihaveafriendwhosefatherisanengineer.Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.as主、宾、表AsIknow,shehasn’tgotmarried.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.(二)关系代词的用法(I)who与whom的用法who与whom用于指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语。whom在定语从句中作宾语，在现代英语中，可以用who代替；但是，从句中的介词提到关系代词前，whom直接在介词后作宾语，不可用who。TheTVorganizershadplannedtofindfourmusicianswhocouldactaswellassing.Heisthesingerwho/whomyoutalkedaboutyesterday.=Heisthesingeraboutwhomyoutalkedyesterday.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Liu.例题2：1.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosearegoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which2.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofarefamilymembers.第5页A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom(II)which的用法which用于指物，在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语，且不直接跟在介词后时，which可以省略。Thetreewhichisinfrontofmyhouseismorethantenyearsold.Don’texpectpeopletodothingswhichyouwouldnotdoyourself.ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.例题3：1.Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom2.TheexactyearAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2019.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which(III)whose的用法whose表示“......的”，既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语，修饰名词。Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisours.Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.例题4：1.Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why2.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthethoseliveswereaffected.第6页A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which(Ⅳ)that的用法that既可以指人又可指物，指人时可与who,whom互换，指物时可与which互换。that在从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语时，that可是省略。Davidwasoneofthemosthelpfulstudentsthatweeverhad.Thegirlthatyousawyesterdaywasmysister.Theremustbesomethingthathappenedtoyou.ThestudentthatansweredthequestionwasJohn.Thebookthatyoulentmewasinteresting.(V)as的用法（1）as作为关系代词既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as一般用于“such...as”“thesame...as”“as...as”结构中。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.（2）as还可以引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的内容，意为“正如，像”Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.Thebridgeisreallywonderful,asisshowninthepicture.(三)关系代词that和which的用法区别(I)引导限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词that的情况：第7页在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。1.先行词是all,anything,everything,nothing,something,none,little,few,much等不定代词或被不定代词所修饰,且指物时。1).Itoldhimall(that)Iknew.2).Hegavehereverything(that)hehad.3).Anythingthatyouhavetosayhadbetterbesaidineachother’spresence.4).Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.2.先行词被all,any,little,few,no,thevery（恰恰，正好）,theonly,thelast等修饰时。1).Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.2).Youcantakeanybook(that)youlike.3).Thisistheverydictionarythathewantstobuy.4).Basketballistheonlythingthatinterestshim.5).Theonlythingthatwecandoistogivesomemoney.6).ThisisthelasttrainthatwillgotoSuzhou.3.先行词前面有序数词时。1).Don’ttrustthefirstsignthatyousee.2).Thesecon