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宾语从句一.宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。（一）作动词的宾语从句：大多数动词都可以带宾语从句；部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthroughthewholework。Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.（二）介词的宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.（三）作形容词的宾语从句常见的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedIamsureIwillpasstheexam./IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.口诀：宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时太关。陈述语序永不变。二、根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。（宾从三姊妹）1..that引导：weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.2.if/whether引导：Pleasetellmeif/whethryouhavebeentoAmerica.3.由5w代词，4w副词引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。(连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how)Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?二、宾语从句三关：1.引导词关如果从句是陈述语序，引导词用that，（that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略）。如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if、wether；如果从句是特殊疑问句；引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词和疑问副词。（1）weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.（2）由5w代词，4w副词引导的宾语从句：CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?（3）由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere./Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.2．语序关宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。（1）陈述句变宾语从句，语序不变，仍用陈述语序。heisanhonestboy.Thetaechersaid.→theteachersaid(that)wasanhonestboy.(2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.3、时态关（主现从随，主过从过，主随从现）（1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Wewanttoknowwherehewenttoyesterday.CanyoutellmewhatyouwilldonextSunday?（2如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.（3）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.三、注：If和whether在以下几种情况不可以互换，只能用whether不能用if的情况：1.在介词之后用whether。如：I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish．We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime．\IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings．2.在具有选择意义，又有ornot时，MaryaskedwhetherIwaswacthingthevoiceofchinaornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.3.在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．Idon'tknowwhethertogo．Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain．4.whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。5.若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解为：a．Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b．Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。宾语从句谓语动词是doubt是，后面接的一般疑问句时通常用if或者whether引导，如果是don’tdoubt则用that。Idoubtwether/ifyouwillcome.Idon’tdoubtthatyouwillcome四.宾语从句的否定转移（否定前置）当宾语从句表示否定意义时，如果主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词时，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。Wedon’tbelievehewillcome.Idon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththeradio.要掌握好宾语从句，主要应该注意以下三个关键：1．连接词：根据从句类型而定。2．语序：用陈述句语序。3．时态：根据主句中谓语动词的时态而定。（自然、科学规律及真理可以除外）中考例题：1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived2.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame3.Idon’tknowwhen__________.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave4.---Wedon’tknow_____________.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom练习:1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.（北京市东城区）A.thatB.howC.whatD.if2.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.（杭州市）A.whyB.whenC.howD.where3.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher.（鄂州市）A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where4.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.（重庆市）A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen5.—Doyouknow_____?I'mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon'tknow.（北京市海淀区）A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived6.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.（南京市）A.／;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy7.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.（重庆市）A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas8.—WhereisJack?—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butI'mnotsure_____.（南昌市）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there9.Ifit________tomorrowwe'llgotothepark.A.willnotrainB.doesn'trainC.isnotrainingD.didn'train10.Theradiosaysthesnow______lateintheday.A.stopsB.willstopC.hasstoppedD.stopped11.Thenursetoldthechildrenthesun______intheeast.A.risesB.roseC.willriseD.hasrisen12.-Couldyoutellme_______sheislookingfor？-Hercousin,Susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whomD.which13.-WhenaretheShutesleavingforNewYork？-Pardon？-Iasked___________.A.whenaretheShutesleavingforNewYorkC.whenweretheShutesleavingforN