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--------Unit3一、知识点①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。②被动语态的构成由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。时态被动语态结构例句一般现am/is/are+过去分词Englishisspokenin在时manycountries.一般过was+过去分词Thisbridgewasbuiltin去时were+过去分词1989.情态can/shouldTheworkmustbedonemay+be+过去分词动词rightnow.must/⋯⋯③被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。2.allowdoingsth允许做,allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：MotherallowsmetowatchTVeverynight.妈妈允许我每晚看电视。beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLyisallowedtogotoQinzhou.莉莉被允许去钦州。3.gettheirearspierced穿耳洞让/使（别人）做某事getsth.done(过去分词)havesth.done如：4.enough足够形容词＋enough如：beautifulenough足够漂亮enough＋名词如：enoughfood足够食物enoughto足够⋯去做⋯如：5.stopdoingsth.停止做某事Pleasestopspeaking.请停止说话。stoptodosth.停止下来去做某事Pleasestoptospeak.请停下来说话。6.看起来好像⋯sb.seemtodosth.=Itseemsthat+从句Heseemstofeelverysad.Itseemsthathefeelsverysad.他看起来好像很伤心。7.倒装句:由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语意为：⋯也是一样Neither/Nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定)表示与前面所述事实一致.Tomcan’tswim.NeithercanJohn.8.yet仍然，还常用在否定句或疑问句当中可与although/though连用--------9.stayup熬夜如：Ioftenstayupuntil12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。10.cleanup打扫整理如：Ihavecleanedupthebedroom.我已经打扫完了卧室。11.程度副词：always总是usually经常sometimes有时never从不如：Iamalways/usually/sometimes/neverlateforschool.我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。12.曾经做某事：Doyouevergettoschoollate?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Haveyouevergottoschoollate?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.13.goshopping(去购物),gofishing(去钓鱼)goswimming(去游泳),goboating(去划船)gohiking(去登山),gotrekking(去徒步)14..bestrictwith+人.bestrictin+事物.例:TheheadteacherisstrictwithhisstudentsHeisstrictinthework.15.takethetest参加考试passthetest通过考试failatest考试失败16.theotherday前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)everyotherday=everytwodays每隔一天（每两天）17.agree同意反义词disagree不同意动词agreement同意反义词disagreement不同意名词18.keepsb/sth.＋形容词使某人/某物保持⋯.如：Weshouldkeepourcityclean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。Don’tkeepmewaitingforalongtime.别让我等得太久。19.both⋯and⋯+动词复数形式如：BothJimandLiMingplaybastketball.20.learn(sth.)fromsb.向谁学习(什么)如：JimlearntEnglishfromhisEnglishteacher.吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语21.haveanopportunitytodosth.有机会做某事haveachanceofdoingsth.有机会做某事如：IhaveanopportunitytogotoBeijing.IhaveachanceofgoingtoBeijing.22.atpresent目前23.atleast最少atmost最多24.花费take,cost,spend,payIttake(sb.)timetodosth.Ittook(me)10daystoreadthebook.sth.cost(sb.)⋯⋯Thebookcost(me)100yuan.sb.spend⋯onsth.Shespent10daysonthisbook.sb.spend⋯doingsth.Shespent10daysreadingthisbook.sb.pay⋯forsth.Shepaid10yuanforthisbook.25.have+时间段+off放假，休息如：have2daysoffoff不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.:IthinkIlltaketheafternoonoff..Sheisofftoday.她今天休息.Ihavethreedaysoffnextweek.下周我有三天假.Theyhaven’thadadayoffsincelastweek.从上周来,他们没休息过一天.26.replyto答复某人如：ShereplayedtoMrGreen.27.agreewithsth.同意某事如：Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意见如：IagreetoLiLei.28.getinthewayof碍事，妨碍如：Hersociallifegotinthewayofherstudies.她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。--------Henevergetsinothers’way.他从不妨碍别人.Thebikesovertherewillgetinthewayofothers.29.successn.succeedv.successfuladj.30.thinkabout与thinkof的区别自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的successfullyadv..①当两者译为：认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用Ioftenthinkabout/ofthatday.我经常想起那天。②thinkabout还有“考虑”之意，thinkof想到、想出时两者不能互用Atlast,hethoughtofagoodidea.最后他想出了一个好主意。WearethinkingaboutgoingQinzhou.我们正在考虑去钦州。31.对⋯热衷，对⋯兴趣beseriousaboutdoing如：Sheisseriousaboutdancing.她对跳舞热衷。beseriousaboutsth.如：Sheisseriousabouthim.她对他感兴趣。32.practicedoing练习做某事SheoftenpracticespeakingEnglish.33.careaboutsb.关心某人如：Motheroftencareaboutherson.34.also也用于句中either也用于否定句且用于句末too=aswell也用于肯定句且用于句末Iamalsoastudent.我也是一个学生Iamastudenttoo.我也是一个学生。Iamnotastudenteither.我也不是一个学生。36.stupidsillyfoolish三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid程度最强,指智力理解力学习能力差.silly指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩.foolish尤其在口语中广泛使用.例:Heisstupidinlearningmath.他学习数学很笨.Stopaskingsuchsillyquestions.别再问这样傻的问题了.Youarefoolishtothrowawaysuchagoodchance.你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.37.Hedoesn’tseemtohavemanyfriends.=Itseemsthathedoesn’thavemanyfriends.=Heseemsnottohavemanyfriends.38.clean(v.)打扫,清理cleanup比较彻底地打扫,清理cleanout打扫,清理地最彻底.39.concentrateon,全神贯注做,例:Hedecidedtoconcentrateonphysicsbecausehefailedtheexam.这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.40.more,than,①与其说,不如说,;比,更,例:Themanismorestupidthannervous.与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.②在这一结构中,more做adj.修饰名词,表示“比,多”例:Ihavemorebooksthanyou.我的书比你的多.41.volunteer①n.自愿者.②v.volunteertodosth.自愿做,例:Weallvolunteeredtohelpintheoldpeople’shome.我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.44.only处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.例:Onlythendidheunderstandit.只有到那时,他才明白.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有这样我们才能把英语学好.Onlywhenshecamehome,didhelearnthenews.当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.45.careabout关心,在乎,在意.例:Noonecaresaboutothersnowadays.现在没人关心别人.Idon’tcareaboutwhathedoes.我并不在意他干什么.--------二、短语1.beallowedtodosth被允许干,allowsbtodosth允许某人干,allowdoingsth允许干,2.sixteen-year-olds=sixteen-year-oldboysandgirls16岁的孩子3.part-timejobs兼职工作4.adriver’slicense驾照5.onweekends在周末6.atthatage在那个年龄段7.onschoolnights在上学期间的每个晚上8.stayup熬夜9.cleanup(相当与及物动词)清扫10.fail(in)atest考试不及格11.takethetest参加考试12.theotherday前几天13.allmyclassmates我所有的同学14.concentrateon全神贯注于15.begoodfor对,有益16.ingroups成群的,按组的17.getnoisy吵闹(系表结构)18.learnfrom向某人学习19.atpresent目前,现在20.haveanopportunitytodosth有做,的机会21.English-Englishdictionary英英词典22.atleast至少23.eighthours’sleepanight每晚8小时的睡眠24.anoldpeople’shom