动物实验利与弊

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

动物实验利与弊论点1:(正方)不人道Firstofall,themaindisadvantageofanimaltestingistheinhumanetreatmentofanimalsintestsduetothefactthatanesthesiaforthehelpofpainisoftennotused.Scientistssaythatusinganesthesiawillinterferewithtestresults.Todaytheterm“vivisection”isused.Vivisectionisdefinedas“cuttingwhilestillalive”butitismorecommonlyusedtodayasanyharmfulexperimentortestthatisperformedonananimal.Animalexperimentationinvolvestheincarcerationofanimalsandpoisoning,mutilation,diseaseandkillingofthoseindividuals.Itisarguablythemostbrutalandmostsevereformofviolenceinthemodernworld.Itissaidthatanestimated50,000animalsdieduetothetestingonthem.SomeoftheteststhatIAMSperformedwere:28femalecatshadtheirabdomens(腹部)cutopenandsolutioninjectedrepeatedlyintotheirbowels.24youngdogsweregivenkidneyfailurebytheremovalofonekidneyandthedamagingoftheother.Allthedogswerekilledafterbeingfedanexperimentaldietandtheirkidneysanalyzed.论点2:(正方)可有别的措施Manyalternativesalreadyexist,andtheremustbemanymorewhicharewaitingtobefound.Thedaywillsurelycomewhennotmoreexperimentsonanimalswillneedtobedoneforhumanmedicine.it'sharedtosaytherewillalwaysbealternativesforveterinaryresearch,Themostcommonalternativesthatareusedtodayare:in-vitrotests,computersoftware,andevenhuman“clinicaltests”.Theuseofanimalcells,organs,andtissueculturesarealsodeemedasalternatives,(反驳正方)howeveranimallivesarestillsacrificedfortheuseoftheirparts.Wecanonlytalkaboutbanningexperimentationwhenthealternativeshavebeenprovedtobeaccurate,andsafe.→(反方反驳)Asamedicalstudent,I'verealizedthatartificialmeanscanneverreplacetheincrediblecomplexityoflivinganimals.Itmaynotbepossibletobanallanimaltestsquiteyet,butthereshouldbealotmoremoney,timeandeffortsgoingintofindingalternatives.新论点3:正方:动物也有权利Couldanyonetellmewhyhumansaremoreimportantthananyotheranimals?Couldanyonepleasetellmethefundamentalreasonwhyhumansufferingis'absolutely'moreimportantthananimalsuffering,whytheintenseagonyexperiencedbyalaboratoryanimalisinconsequential(不重要的,微不足道的)whenviewagainstthesameorevenlesserdegreeofsufferingwithinahuman.OfcourseWeseeourselvesasmoreimportantthanotherspecies,asI'msureotherself-realisingspeciesseethemselves,butwecannotusethisflimsy(轻而薄的),subjective(主观上的)argumentasanexcusetototallydisregardthefeelingsofotherspecies.Youwouldn'tlikeitifsomealienraceclaimingtobethemostimportantturnedupandsquirtedaliencosmeticsinyourmother'seye,wouldyou?SoIthinkanimalsshouldhavethesamerightsasus.Youwouldn'tlikeitifpeopleweredoinganykindofexperimentonyou.Humankindhasabsolutelynorighttouseanimalsforanyreasonwhatsoever,especiallyforexperimentaluse.新论点4正方类比种族Weconductsuchexperimentssimplybecausewehavephysicaldominanceoverallotherspeciesandthuswecanexploitthematourwill.Butthenwhereliesthecontradictionbetweenthisformexploitationandthatshownwithinthehumanspecies,suchasthephysicaldominancethatallowedEuropeanstoexploitAfricansintheslavetrade.WhyshouldIbeutterlyindifferenttoanimalsufferingbecauseIstandtogainfromit,yetIammorallyobligedtobepassionateabouthumansufferingwhetherornotitcouldbeformypersonalbetterment.新论点5:正方动物实验有时候真的没有必要.Iunderstandtheconcernsovermedicaltestingandhumanneedsoveranimallives,butthetestingobviouslydoesn'tworkbecausethereisstillAIDS,cancerandalltheotherdiseasesthatthesetestsaresupposedtobecuring.Ifmedicaltestsreallyareneeded,whycan'ttherebeamorehumanewaytodoit?Whynotusepeople'scells,skinetc.Humanvolunteersshouldbeusedforfinaltestingratherthananimals.最后总结(正方)Allinall,theanimalscannottellthescientistthattheydon’twanttobetestedon,buthumanscan.Weneedtotalkfortheanimalsandhelpstopthiscruelandinhumanetreatment.Therearemanyotherwaysthatproductsandmedicinecanbetested;theuseofinnocentanimalsisnolongerneeded.Letusturndowncuresthathavebeentestedonanimals.Thankyou.反方开场:Forthoseopposedtoallanimaltesting,pleaseanswer'Yes'or'No'tothefollowingquestions1.Areyouvegetarian?2.Doyouavoidbuyingleathershoesorclothes?3.Wouldyouallowyourselforalovedonetosufferorevendiebecausethenecessarytreatmenthadbeendevelopedusinglaboratoryanimals?Ifyouanswered'Yes'toALLoftheabove,thenyouarefreefromhypocrisy(伪善,虚伪)inyourmoralstance(l立场姿态).论点1:我们需要动物实验Animalstestingisreallynecessary.分论点(1)患者的需要Firstofall,allthepatientsareintheneedofthetesting.Why?Couldyourealizethattheanimalsyoubelievearebeingharmed,havenotonlyimpactedyourlivesinsomeway,buthaveimpactedyourfamilies,friends,byprovidingpeoplewithvaccinesandantibiotics.Whenitcomesdowntoit,rightlyorwrongly,wewillallhappilysacrificeananimalinordertosavealovedone!Millionsoflivesaresavedeveryyearbecauseofoneanimal’s,resultstoeitheradrugornewformofsurgery.TellmethatWhichwouldyouprefertolive-anillchildorahealthybunny?Withrightscomeresponsibilities-whatresponsibilitiestoanimalshave?Howmanypeoplewhoadvocatebanninganimaltestinghaveacceptedmedicineswhichhavealmostsurelybeentestedonanimals.Amovetowardsanimalrightsmeansamoveawayfromhumanrights.分论点(2)科学研究的需要Thesecond,animaltestingisthemostpredominantformoftestingusedbyscientists.Animalresearchplaysavital,andirreplaceable,roleinsuchfieldsasdrugandcancerresearch.Thephaseofresearchonanimals

1 / 8
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功