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GrammarNounClauses名词性从句NounClausessubjectiveclause主语从句objectiveclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句appositiveclause同位语从句名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的连接词1.连接词that：无实义，不充当从句的任何成分;从句完整；除部分宾语从句可省略，其他名词性从句中均不可省略;不可以与which（哪个）互换。e.g.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.Whichteamwillwinthematchisunknown.2.连接词whether,if：引导名词性从句都意为“是否”。在宾语从句中有时可互换。但介词后用whether引导或whether…ornot。在主语从句，表语从句,同位语从句中不能用if.e.g.Hedidn’tknowwhetherhewasreadyornot.3.连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which（哪个）：不仅起到连接一个句子的作用,同时也是从句的一个组成部分；从句不完整，缺成份。e.g.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.4.连接副词:when,where,how,why从句完整，有疑问e.g.Iwonderwhyhewasabsent.5.连词asif,because只用在表语从句中。e.g.Thatisbecausehewasill.1.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词或形容词的宾语。1.作动词的宾语e.g.Shedidnotknow_____hadhappened.动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句e.g.Shetoldme_____shewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语e.g.I’minterestedin______hedid._______________hedidit.whatthatwhatwhy/when/how/whether.3.作形容词的宾语e.g.IamafraidthatI’vemadeamistake.that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,certain,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content等。4.It可以作为形式宾语主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+that+宾语从句常见的谓语动词是consider,find,make,regard,see,take,think.e.g.WefinditnecessarythatwepractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.宾语从句须注意1)由疑问词引导的从句中,词序按陈述句顺序排列。e.g.Iwonderwhatheisdoing.注意：Iwonderwhatwaswrong/thematterwithhim.2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候,从句的谓语动词应用相应的过去时。自然规律和客观真理例外。3)连词when和if在名词性从句和状语从句中的时态Iwonderwhenhe__________(come)back.I’lltellhimthetruthwhenhe_____(come)back.Iwonderifhe__________(come)back.I’lltellhimthetruthifhe_____(come)back.willcomecomeswillcomecomes4)That在其他名词性从句中均不可省略，只有在宾语从句中that有时可以省略，但在并列的宾语从句中第二个that不可省略。e.g.Hesaid(that)hewouldleaveandthathewouldnevercomebackagain.doesit?Theydon’tbelieveIamright,dothey?5)否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。e.g.I/wedon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouWell,e.g.Isuggested(that)he(should)takeagoodrest.DoyouadvisewhereshegoforatripinChina?6)表示“建议”或“命令”的词有:suggest,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command,ask,advise等，它们的宾语从句用虚拟语气,结构为:~+(that)+主语+(should)do(should可省)。1．一Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?一Theyalwaysletmedo__IthinkIshould．A.whenB．thatC．howD．what2.Wehaven’tsettledthequestionof____itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad．A.ifB.whereC．whetherD.whatDC2.表语从句表语从句在复合句中跟在系动词后起表语作用。e.g.Helooksasifhewas/weregoingtocry.注意：1.如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示“建议”或者是“命令”之类的词如advice,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等,那么从句中的动词通常用主语+（should）+动词原形。e.g.Myadviceisthathehavearest.2.句型：This/That/Itisbecause+表语从句3.Thereasonwhy…isthat+表语从句1.Tomisnolonger____heusedtobe.2.Thequestionis____ofusshouldcomefirst.3.Theproblemis____isreallyfitforthehardjob.4.Theimportantthingis_____nameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.whatwhichwhowhose3.主语从句1.主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。e.g.Thatweneedmoreequipmentisobvious.or:Itisobviousthatweneedmoreequipment.2.It用作形式主语的句子常出现于下列句型中：1)Itis+adj.+that…(e.g.natural/strangeetc.)2)Itis+n.(e.g.ashame/pity,nowonder,afact)+that…3)Itis+said/reported/known/believed/suggested/proved+that…4)Itseems/appearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurstosbthat…某人突然想到（不好的事情）3.主语从句的主谓一致主语是名词性从句,动词通常用单数形式。e.g.WhatIammostinterestediniswhathedid.但：Whatweneed/want/likearemorebooks.isabook.1.____shewasabletocomemadeushappy.2.____seemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.3.________itwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.ThatWhatWhether4.同位语从句通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容,作这些名词的同位语。前面的名词常是:fact,news,idea,hope,wish,promise,truth,reason,suggestion,thought,question,doubt,conclusion,belief,fear,order,possibility,word(“消息”,为不可数名词,前面不加定冠词)。e.g.Wordcamethatourteamhaswonthematch.1.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue．(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容)Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue．(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息)(that在从句中不充当任何成份)(that在从句中作gave的宾语)2.引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，不可省略。而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等，充当宾语时可省略。如：Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.Theidea（that/which）hegavesurprisesmanypeople．连词“that”引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别引导从句that从句中的作用可否省略同位语从句连接词不担任成分不省略定语从句关系代词主语和宾语作宾语时可省略1.Ihavenoidea____heisdoing.2.Ididn’tagreewiththeidea______________heputforward.3.Ihavenoidea_________________________heisgoing.what(Which/that)when/how/why/where/whether4.Ihavesomedoubt______heistellingthetruth.5.Ihavenodoubt____heistellingthetruth.6.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass____hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.whetherthatthat1.名词性从句的语序(陈述句语序)；2.几对重要关连词的区别:whether\if,what\that,what\whatever,who\whoever,etc;3.it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句；4.根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。高考考查热点根据例句,讨论：1)whether\if的区别Pleasetellme__________youwillgotothelecturestomorrow.Italldependson______theskywillclearup.Thequestionis______thefilmiswellworthseein