基于单片机的半导体制冷温度控制电路设计

华北电力大学（保定）硕士学位论文基于单片机的半导体制冷温度控制电路设计姓名：安卫超申请学位级别：硕士专业：电子与通信工程指导教师：范寒柏2010-03IATMEGA16buckPIDPIDATMEGA16buckPIDPID50.5PIDIIAbstractSemiconductorrefrigerationalsocalledthermoelectricrefrigeration,sometimescalledelectronicrefrigeration,itusespecialsemiconductormaterialsthroughdirectcurrentgeneratedwhenthetemperatureofarefrigerationway,asofthecoolercontrolsystem,therequirementforcoolerworkcontrolshouldhavestabilityandspeedandaccuracy.Thisarticlemainlyintroducedthesemiconductorrefrigerationtemperaturecontrolsystem,thesystemUSESsinglechipATMEGA16asthecontrolpart,plusbuckcircuitandfuzzyPIDcontrollertogetherconstituteaanti-interference,intelligenttemperaturecontrolsystem.Thispaperbrieflyintroducesthefirstchapterofsemiconductorrefrigerationdevelopmentsituation,characteristics,PIDcontroldevelopment,characteristics,andthispaperofworktodo.Thesecondchaptermainlyintroducedindetail.theeffect,refrigerationprinciple.Thethirdchapterpresentsthecontrolcircuitofhardwaredesign,includingATMEGA16drivecircuit,multilevelconversioncircuitandbuckcircuitoperatingcharacteristics,thenitintroducestheprincipleanduseheat-sensitivesensor.Thefourthchapterpresentsthesystemsoftwaresystemdesign,firstintroducedthePIDcontroltheory,andthenthatfuzzyPIDinthissystemapplication.Thefifthchapteranalyzesthecontrolsysteminconstanttemperaturecontrolofthecharacteristicsofthesystem,finallyexperimentalanalysis.Semiconductorrefrigeratingmachinerycontrolcircuitispositiveforcooleroutputcurrentvoltagerefrigerationcontrol,dcvoltageripplein5,thecontrolaccuracyin+0.5.Keywords:Semiconductorrefrigeration,PIDcontrol,Microcontroller,Temperaturecontrol.-1-1.1(Seebeck)(Politer):1834(Thomson)[1]-2-OnsagerV/K100V/K5%24K20%(Loffe)Bi2Te3PbTeSiGe1/3[2]1.2-3-2001RTIBi-Te30OKZT2.4ZT41Ag0.58Cu0.29Ti0.29TeBi2Te3-Sb2Te3-Sb2Se3[3]PBi2Te3-Bi2Se3[5]1.3PIDPIDPIDPIDPID-4-1.PINOUTP2.IPPI3.DPD[13]PDPIDPID90%PID-5-1.420-30PID1AC220V50HZ23kw3DC0150V420A50.56748LED9-6-2.1PN2-12-1B1,4,P3A2,N1B2PPA3PAAP4BP-7-B1B1NAB2NNA2NAAN1B2B2B[12]AA;B1B22.22.2.1dTdE=α2-1PNNPPNPNdTdEααα−==2-2PNNPPNααα+=2-3-8-2.2.4QPIQabPπ=2-4I——ab——NPabπππ−=2-5Tαπ=2-6T——2.2.5QdXdTIQττ=2-7——I——dXdT——2.2.6-9-RIQJ2=2-82.1.5)(chKTTIksQ−=2-9K——Th——Tc——3QO)(212chckJpoTTKRIITQQQQ−−−=−−=α2-10KTh——Tc——2.QE)(212chhETTKRIITQ−−+=α2-113.RITTIQQPchoc2)(+−=−=α2-124.chTTT−=∆2-13KQRIITToc−−=∆221α2-14-10-KRIITTc221−=∆α2-152max21)max(CchZTTTT=−=∆2-16ZRKZ2α=2-175.Imax02112=−×=∆dIRIITKdITdcα2-18RTIcα=max2-196.PNIRTTIPUch+−==)(α2-202.3TES1-1270617.5V309A-2-22-3-11-2-2-2-3-12V6APNPN-12-(PWM)3-13-1//PIDPWM-13-NICAD43.13.1.1ATMEGA16ATMEGA16RISC13132816MHzPWM810ADC832I/O40PDIP44TQFP44MLF4.5V-5.5V1.1mA3.1.21.3-25VAD623TCA785-14-LM12412VAC22015V25VLM25961253-22.3-325VTCA7853-33.2PWMint1out1int2out2int3out3vssvccint4out4int5out5int6out640106NCVCCINENGNDOUTNCGND6N137int1out1int2out2int3out3vssvccint4out4int5out5int6out640106+5+5PWMIGBT3-43-43.3V12V12V-15-3.2.16N1372500V5mA7V83-56N137AKEC3-56N1373.2.23-640106-16-3-640106PWMIGBT3.3buck3.3.1buckbuck-3-73-7buckbuckSDLCVSVO3-8buck-17-1.3-8aSisLRIoCVoisioCC2.3-8bSLDCisioCCbuckVsVoS-23-9ab3-9buckbuckSTst1t2,D1,D211DTts×=22DTts×=SiLsosostoosLTDLVVtLVVdtLVVi1111−=−=−=∆∫(3-1)-18-SiL()()sossoottoLTDLVTDTLVttLVdtLVi2121212−=−−=−−=−=∆∫(3-2)iL21LLii∆=∆,()sosososTDLVTDLVTDLVV1211−==−(3-3)121=+DD:1DVVso=3-4121≠+DD211DDDVVso+=3-5oLIi∆21oLIi∆213-6oLIi∆213-2RVTDLViosoL==∆2221(3-7)RLTDs=22(3-8)soooscTDIVTRDL222==(3-9)-19-,sooscTDIVTRDL2222=CC3-103-10CsLslttooTCITICdtiCV822211121∆=×∆×==∆∫3-103-2()228128sosooTLCDVTttLCVV==∆3-11buckVoVSSfcsofLCfπ21=fsfo3-123.3.2-20-MOSFEGTRIGBT12V20KHz6AMOSFEIGBT3-13-1IGBTVCESVGESICPCtf1000V20V60A260W1USVCES——CEVGES——CEIC——CPC——tf——IGBT3.3.31.PN-21-3.3.43-9202010%8sLCVDTV∆=3-13CCL=500HC601328202HzKHzLCfπ==3-143.4buck3-113-113.4.1-22-3-12C1C23-123-13IGBT3.4.2IGBTIGBTIGBT0.5IGBT3-133-143-15DIGBTC3-14IGBT3-15IGBT1.-23-220)(dCESSEVLIC−=(3-15)L50nHIO6AVCES10VFEVLICdCESSµ45.0)1012(61050)(229220=−××=−=−3-162.10%90%90%10%IGBTV1VO)1(RCTIOeVV−=(3-17)IOVVCRtln−=IOVV1.0≤,tfs1=12.3sRCf≤3-18CfsΩ=××××≤−4810201045.03.2136OV48CBBD09-153.4.3-24-PNlD2L3-16[12]3-163.4.4PCBPCBZRjLω=+3-19)212ln(2+=bllL3-20lb2RRLLlbL-25-]1)2[ln(2−+=sbllM(321)s——PCBPCBbuck3.5NTCPTCCTRNTCNegativeTemperatureCoefficientPTCPositive-26-TemperatureCoefficientPTCNTC)]11([OOTTBEXPRR−×=3-22ROTO025BROB3-23-2ROBROkB-501006TO=033900150300345050200310038941002500.55200430015030042005133200350820055593-17NTCNTC3-23-17NTC-27-PIDPID4.1PIDPIDPIDPIDPIDPID4.1.14-1PID1.PIDE(t)R(t)U(t)Y(t)-28-RtYtE(t))()()(tYtRtE−=4-1E(t)PID4-1U(t)U(t)Y(t))()()(tYtRtE−=])()(1)([)(0∫++=tPIPdttdETdttETtEKtU(42)U(t)——PIDE(t)——KP——TI——TD——2.PIDPID)]1()([)()()(0−−++=∑=kEkEKjKkEKkUDkJIP43T——k——U(k)——kE(k)——kE(k-1)——k-1KI——KDIPITTKK=TTKKDPD=4-3U(K)4-2-29-4-2Y(t)E(k)U(k)Y(t)PIDU(k))]2()1([)()1()1(10−−−++−=−∑−=kEkEKjEKkEKkUDkJIP442)]2()1(2)([)()]1()([)(−+−−++−−=∆kEkEkEKkEKkEkEKkUDIP=)]1(E)([)()(−∆−∆++∆kkEKkEKkEKDIP45)1()()(−−=∆kEkEkE)1()()(−−=∆kUkUkUKPKIKDU(k)PIDD/AR(t)E(t)U(t)Y(t)U(k)-30-4.1.2)1()(==−STkesGPsPτ(46))11()(sssGTTKDIp++=47τ⋅=KTKpp2.1τ2=TI48τ5.0=TD4-34-34.2PI