托福听力技巧分析

托福听力围绕：新托福考试听力部分介绍新托福考试题型问题及建议新托福考试听力部分介绍题量，时间评分标准1.当问题的分值是1分时，所有的项目都要回答正确，这一题才算是拿到了全部分值。2.当问题的分值是2分时，比如，四选三的题目，必须全部答对才能得到所有分值；选对2个，可得到1个分值。3.新托福听力以单选题为主，多选题和表格题为辅。CONVERSATION文章思路框架raisetheproblem-analyzetheproblem-solvetheproblemLECTURE文章思路框架beginning-wayofteaching(content)-endingTPO1-19听力分类Conversation场景分类Lecture具体分类新托福考试题型IBTlisteningcomprehensionBasiccomprehensionGistquestionDetailquestionPragmaticunderstandingPurposequestionAttitudequestionConnectinginformationOrganizationquestionInferencequestionGISTQUESTION主旨目的题（100%）payattentiontothefirstsentence!（name）什么是主旨目的题？（what？）requiresthelistenertounderstandcriticalvocabularyphrasesorfactsfromseveralpointsinatextandtointerprettoidentifythekeypointsofthetext.Questionsthattestunderstandingthegistmayrequireyoutogeneralizeorsynthesizeinformationinwhatyouhear.提问方式：Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?Whatistheprofessormainlydiscussing?Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?WhataspectofXdoestheprofessormainlydiscuss?Whydoesthestudentvisittheprofessor?Whydoesthestudentvisittheregistrar’soffice?Whydidtheprofessorasktoseethestudent?WhydoestheprofessorexplainX?文章的主旨：Payattentiontothenameofthiscourse.Thelisteningpassagewillbeginlikethis:“Listentopartofalectureinanastronomyclass”.Listentopartofalectureina___________class.（1）直接展开（payattentiontothesentencesatthebeginning）todaywearegoingtobetalkingabout…I’dliketobeginmylecturebyintroducing…let’sfocuson…let’snowtakealookat…（2）问答式展开：howarecompaniestypicallystructured?Doyourememberwhattheyare?Howcanyouunderstandit?Whydoeshumanbeingconsideritimportant?Or:全文关键词总结干扰选项特征:Toogeneral:anideathatisbeyondthefocusoftheconversationorlecturetoospecific:asupportingdetailinsteadofamainideainaccurate:nottrue,oronlypartiallytrue,accordingtothespeakersirrelevant:aboutsomethingthatthespeakersdon’tmentionTPO15Lecture1psychologyLecture1(第一句）Fordecades,psychologistshavebeenlookingatourabilitytoperformtaskswhileotherthingsaregoingon,howweareabletokeepfrombeingdistractedandwhattheconditionsforgoodconcentrationare.心理学家一直在观察我们在进行一项活动同时旁边还有其他事情在进行的能力，我们怎样保持不被干扰，以及怎样的条件下可以集中注意。教授通过开门见山的方法，告诉我们lecture的主要内容是关于集中注意的能力的研究。（接着）Aslongagoas1982,researcherscameupwithsomethingcalledtheCFQ-theCognitiveFailuresQuestionnaire.这里讲了研究者想出的一种叫做CFQ的研究方法。由此得出，答案是D，大脑怎样处理干扰的研究。TPO15Lecture1psychology6.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?A.Methodspeopleusedtoeliminatedistractions.(irrelevant)B.Theareaofthebrainresponsibleforblockingdistractions(toospecific)C.Theusefulnessofquestionnairesinassessingdistractibility.(irrelevant)D.Researchabouthowthebraindealswithdistractions.（research-CFQ）TPO19conversation2对话主要讲述了关于cafeteria在一些食物问题，比如用油过多，有机食物上的相关意见全文关键词总结:mealplan,food,cafeteria18.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?Changesthatwillbemadeinfoodchoicesofferedtostudents(toospecific)Food-safetyproceduresfollowedbythecafeteriastaff（irrelevant）Issuesrelatedtothecafeteria'sfoodpolicyCommoncomplaintsaboutthefoodservedinthecafeteria(irrelevant)DETAILQUESTION细节题什么是细节题？(what?)requirethelistenertounderstandandrememberexplicitdetailsorfactsthatareimportantasanexplanationoranexampleofthemainidea.Thesedetailsaretypicallyrelated,directlyorindirectly,tothegistofthetext,byprovidingelaboration,examplesorothersupport.(detail,support,example)TIPS：Noinferenceisneeded.提问方式：Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?Accordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichbacteriacellsgetresistancegenes?WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutPlato’sdescriptionofsociety?Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisonewaythatXcanaffectY?Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisthemainproblemwiththeXtheory?WhatisX?WhatresultedfromtheinventionofX?举例example举例的具体内容、例子的作用关注举例的上下文，说话的人为什么要举这个例子，要证明什么，表明什么观点、态度，还有例子本身说了那些内容。听标志举例的关键词，比如：Forexample、like、forinstance、inthiscase、inanothercase、takethecaseof、onthisoccasion听定义：（专有名词+definition+supportingdetails）学科的专有名词（首字母代替）标志词：itrefersto、thatis、thatmeans、whichmeans、Thisistosay、inotherwords、inanotherwordsTPO13lecture1cityplanning:Now,whatisapedestrianmall?It’saprettysimpleconceptreally,itisessentiallyanoutdoorshoppingareadesignedjustforpeopleonfoot.And…well,unlikemanyofothershoppingmallsthatarebuiltinsuburbnowadays,thesepedestrianmallsaretypicallylocatedinthedowntownareasofthecity.Andtherearefeatureslikewhitesidewalks,comfortableoutdoorsittingandmaybeevenfortens---UN…youknowart.Therearevariationsonthismodelofcourse,…..听强调提高声调、放慢语速、前边会有停顿，最常见的还是会有标志词e.gTPO1Lecture1Sowhenyougototheexhibit,Ireallywantyoutotakeacloselookatacertainpainting.It’safarmscene.Andthemostimportantis…、Thisisveryimportant…、Amajorpointis…、Theimportantideais…、Thethingabout…isextremelyimportant、Infact听原因听原因细节时，要注意什么是因，什么是果表示前因后果：So/therefore、consequently、asaconsequence、forthispurpose、resultin、leadto表示前果后因：Resultfrom、stemfor、originatefrom、springfromariseoutof、itlies/isin(that)，becauseTPO13lecture1cityplanningBusinesso