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1初中英语语法专项复习：英语各个时态和语态讲解及练习题初中英语有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。1、一般现在时的用法（1）一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,rarely,never,everyday(morning,Monday,week,...etc.),everythereyears,onceaweek(day,month,...etc.),...等时间状语。例如：a.Hegoestoschooleveryday.b.Heisveryhappy.c.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如：a.Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we’llhaveameeting.b.WhenIgraduate,I’llgotocountryside.2.一般过去时的用法（1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。常和:lastweek(night,Monday,month,year,...etc.)fouryearsago(days,month,...etc.)before1980(three,liberation,从句,...etc.)thedaybeforeyesterday,thedaybeforelast,theyearbeforelast,justnow,amonentago,yesterday,yesterdaymorning,thismorning,atfirst,atlast,intheend,finally,then,..a.HesawMr.Wangyesterday.b.Heworkedinafactoryin1986.2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“usedto“和“would+动词原形”。Iusedtosmoke.DuringthevacationIwouldminthesea.注：”usedto“表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。a.Iamusedtotheclimatehere.b.Heisusedtomminginwinter.3.一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“will或shall+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。常和：nextweek(Monday,month,year,...etc.)inthreedays(anhour,...etc.)tomorrow,tomorrowmorning,thedayaftertomorrow,thedayafternext,theyearafternext,tonight,in2010(2016...etc.)thisevening,thisSaturday,afterWednesday,soon,sometimenextweek,onedayinfutuer,soonerorlater,...1）begoingtodo结构Itisgoingtorain.Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.2)“beaboutto+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为bereadytodosth.后面一般不跟时间状语。Weareabouttoleave.3)go,come,start,move,leave,arrive,stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。I’mleavingforBeijing.4.现在进行时的用法1）现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“be+现在分词”构成。常和：now,thesedays(weeks,months,...etc.)thismonth(week,...etc.)Look!,Listen!,...另外，“系动词+介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义。Whatareyoudoing?Thebridgeisunderconstruction.2）表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词（如have,be,here,se,like等）一般不用进行。5.过去进行时的用法1）过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“was(were)+现在分词”构成。常和：thistimeyesterday,thistimelastFriday,inthosedays,atninelastnight,fromonetothreeyesterdayafternoon,...2In1980hewasstudyinginauniversity.HewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词.其使用有两种情况：1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。常和：just,alreadly,yet,never,ever,now,before,thisweek,today,thesedays,once,twice,threetimes,...HehasgonetoFuzhou.HehasbeentoFuzhou.2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或sincethen(1949,lastMonday,twoo'clock,从句...,etc.)，eversincethen,forthreedays(alongtime,twohours,...etc.)sofar,now,today,thiswek(month,year)等表示包括现在内的状语。HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.HehasstudiedEnglishsince1985.NowIhavefinishedthework..注意：表示短暂时间动作的词（如come,go,die,marry,buy等）的完成时不能与for,since等表示一般时间的词连用。正确：Ihaveboughtthebookalready.错误：Ihaveboughtthebookfortwoyears.改：Ihavehadthebooklfortwoyears.7．过去完成时的用法1）过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用bythen(1977,yesterday,eightlastnight,thetimewegotthere,...etc.)bytheendoflastterm(week,year,month,...etc.).by,before,until,when等词引导的时间状语。Bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses.Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.8．过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should或would+动词原形”构成。第一人称用should,其他人称用would.。常和：Theyweresurethattheywouldsucceed.（二）动词语态1．当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。1）一般现在时：Youarerequiredtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.4）现在进行时：Theroadisbeingwidened.5）过去进行时：Thenewtoolwasbeingmade.6）现在完成时：Thenovelhasbeenread.7）过去完成时：Hesaidthattheworkhadbeenfinished.8）过去将来时：Hesaidthatthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon.2.一些特殊的被动结构1）带情态动词的被动结构：Theproblemmustbesolvedsoon.2）带不定式的被动结构：Theroomisgoingtobepainted.Thehomeworkneedstobedonewithcare.3)短语动词的被动：a.（不及物）动词+介词：若这类短语动词是及物性的，则可用于被动语态中，如：laughat,lookafter,talkabout,thinkof等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中，如：bookup,lookdown.等b.（及物）动词+副词：bringabout,carryout,findout,makeout,putaway,putoff,takeup,turndown,turnout,wipeout等c.动词+副词+介词：doawaywith,faceupto,giveinto,lookdownupon,makeupwith等d.动词+名词+介词：catchsightof,keeponeyeon,makeafoolof,payattentionto,putanendto,setfire/lightto,3takenoticeof等4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.(比较：Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.)5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有：a.主动形式，这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。Thechildrenneedlookingafter.Thewindowswants/requiresrepairing.Thispointdeservesmentioning.练习题1.Itisafineday.Thesun__________(shine)brightly.2.They___________(visit)theScienceMuseumnextSunday.3.MrBrown________(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.4.MrWang________(teach)usEnglishtwoyearsago.5.TheSmiths_______________(watch)TVatthistimelastnight.6.We__________(learn)abouttenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.7.Fathersaidthathe____________(buy)anewbikeformethenextFriday.8.Billisn¡¯there.He___________(chat)withhisfriendsintheclassroom.9.Theteachersaidthatthemoon__________(go)roundtheearth.10.TheYoungPioneerswillgotothezooifit____________(notrain)thisSunday.11.Listen!They__________(talk)aboutthenewfilm.12.Jimaskeduswhat___________(happen)inChinain1976.13.Mymobilephone___________(ste