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被动语态一．?概念表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。二．被动语态的用法?(1)?动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by?短语。?Word?processing?skills?are?taught?in?our?computer?lessons.?(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。??Some?new?computers?were?stolen?last?night.???(3)?突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by?短语。??The?window?was?broken?by?Mike.????窗户是迈克打破的。三．构成形式?由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时肯定句主语+am/is/are+done(过去主语+was/were?+don主语+shall/will?be?+don分词)ee主语+begoingtobedone否定句主语+am/is/are+not+done主语+was/were+notdone主语+shall/willbe+notdone一般疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+done？Was/Were+主语+done?Will/Shall+主语+be+done?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+done?特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+done?特殊疑问词+will/shall+主语+bedone?四．主动语态变被动语态的方法???My?aunt???invited???me???to?her?dinner?party.?↓↓↓执行者???动词???承受者?→???I???was?invited??(by?my?aunt?)?to?her?dinner?party.?↓↓承受者??谓语???????by+执行者?1).把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。?2).把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be?+?过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。?3).把主动语态的主语变为介词by?的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by?短语可以省略。五．被动语态的特殊结构形式???1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。???例The?baby?should?be?taken?good?care?of?by?the?baby-sitter.???2)?有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。??例His?mother?gave?him?a?present?for?his?birthday.?可改为?He?was?given?a?present?by?his?mother?for?his?birthday.???3)?当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。???例Someone?caught?the?boy?smoking?a?cigarette.?可改为The?boy?was?caught?smoking?a?cigarette.???4）在使役动词have,?make,?get以及感官动词see,?watch,?notice,?hear,?feel,?observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。???例Someone?saw?a?stranger?walk?into?the?building.?可改为A?stranger?was?seen?to?walk?into?the?building.???5)?有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。???例The?meeting?is?to?be?put?off?till?Friday.?六．注意事项：1.不及物动词没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold(容纳)2.系动词没有被动语态：look,feel,sound,smell,taste….如：Thedishtastesgood.3.有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell如：Thiskindofskirtsellswell.4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.如：Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneedtoberepaired练习一．出下列句子是主动语态还是被动语态1、Novelsentrancemanyreaders.2、Whenwillyoupaintyourhouse?3、Thecheckwillbedeliveredwhentheyareready.4、Manycountriesareexperiencingdrought.5、Manycountrieshaveexperienceddrought.二：将下列句子变为被动语态1.Wewatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.2.Thewindblewhishatdownthestreet3.Theyaskmetohelpthem.4.Hefoundthedoorclose.5.TheywillsendCyriltoprison.6.Thesecretarywillmailtheseletterstomorrow.7.Someoneoughttowashthosedishesrightway.8.Thefactoryproduced5000carseveryday.9.They?will?hold?the?charity?show?in?the?school?hall.10.Nancy?Jackson?designed?the?CD-ROM.三．选择(?)?a?new?library?_____?in?our?school?last?year??;?built?;?bulit?;?build?;?build?(?)?accident?____?on?this?road?last?week.?been?happened??happened??happened??(?)?____?in?the?southeast?of?China.??A.is?grown??grown???(?)?changes?______?in?China.?A.?are?happened??????B.?was?happened???C.?has?happened????D.?have?happened?(?)?talk?on?Chinese?history?_____?in?th?school?hall?next?week.????given??been?given??be?given??(?)?many?trees?____?this?year???A.are?planted??plant??been?planted?(?)?books?______.?So?many?people?are?interested?in?them.?A.?are?sold?well?????B.?sell?well???????C.?sell?good?????D.?sell?badly(?)?of?them?______?in?China.???made??made??made??(?)?small?trees?______,?they?will?grow?up?quickly.?A.?take?good?care?of???????B.?take?good?care????C.?are?taken?good?care?of?????D.?are?taken?good?care(?)?shoes?____.?You?need?a?new?pair.?A.wear?out??out??worn?out??worn?(?)?People's?Republic?of?China?___?on?October?1,?1949.?A.?found?B.?was?founded?C.?is?founded?D.?was?found?(?)?___?this?kind?of?computers______??--Last?year.????;?use?;?used?;?used?;?used?(?)?Great?Wall?____?all?over?the?world.?A.knows???known??known?(?)?___?in?every?part?of?the?world.A.?need?B.?are?needing?C.?are?needed?D.?will?need(?)?says?that?Mr?Zhang?_____?to?the?factory?next?week.???A.is?sent??send??sent??be?sent?(?)?_____?this?book?_____???A.did;?written?;?written?by?;?written?;written?(?)?____?show?me?her?new?dictionary.A.has?asked?to??asked?to??asked??to?(?)?story?_____?by?Granny?yesterday.??A.was?told?us??told?to?us??told?us??us?(?)?monkey?was?seen?_____?off?the?tree.??????jump?(?)?school?bag?___?behind?the?chair.?????A.puts??be?put??be?putted??put?(?)?people?____?well.?A.looks?after??be?looked?after??look?after??after?四．用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空?1.?When?_____?the?first?man-made?satellite?______(send)up?into?space?????2.?Last?year?vegetables?______?(grow)?in?the?garden?by?Tom?and?he?_____???(sell)?them?himself.???3.?She?______?(help)him?with?his?homework?tomorrow?evening.???4.?How?many?magazines?______?(?can?borrow)?in?your?library?every?week?????5.?John?______?(hear)?to?go?upstairs?two?hours?ago.???6.?－Who?_____?(save)?her?father???－He?_____?(save)?by?that?policeman.???7.?The?doctor?_____?(send?for)?because?his?grandpa?was?ill.???8.?Moon?cakes?______?(make)?by?his?mother?every?year?.?______?your?mother?_____?(make)?moon?cakes?for?you?every?year?????9.?Some?toys?______?(