从句的类型

从句的类型3.同位语从句2.表语从句4.宾语从句5.定语从句6.状语从句1.主语从句名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句从句类型形容词性从句relativeclause（定语从句）Functionsasadjectival名词性从句nominalclauseFunctionsasnominal(noun,nounphrase)副词性从句adverbialclause（状语从句）Functionsasadverbial什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(NominalClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nominalclause名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语{Idon’tknowtheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowthefactthatheisateacher.名词性从句nominalclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause名词性从句引导词从属连词that,whether;疑问代词who,what,which;疑问副词when,where,how,why等主语从句.用作主语的从句叫做主语从句，引导词有从属连词that,whether;疑问代词有who,what,which;疑问副词when,where,how,why缩合代词whoever,whatever.如:1.Thathehasn’tcalledusisstrange.Thattheyareveryhappyisobvious.Whetherhewillcomeisunknown.2.Whatshedidisnotyetknown.3.Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.主语从句4.Whoevercomesiswelcome.5.Whereveryouareismyhome---myonlyhomeAttentionI:为了避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语，将真实的主语（主语从句）置于句末。Itisobviousthatyouareveryhappy.Itisstrangethathehadmadeamistake.Itisnotknownyetwhethertheywillcometoday.主语从句AttentionII:全句是被动结构，常用it作形式主语;Itissaidthathehasgotmarried.全句如是一般疑问句，常用it作形式主语;Isitprobablethatitwillraintoday?全句如是感叹句，常用it作形式主语;Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet?表语从句用作表语的从句叫做表语从句,引导词有连词that,whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:1.Theproblemisthatwedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.2.Theproblemiswhocangettoreplaceher.3.That’swherewemet.4.Thisishowwebecameclosefriends.5.Thatwaswhattheysold.6.Heisnotwhathewasfiveyearsago.7.Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.8.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.1.Webelievethatheishonest.2.ItoldhimIwouldcomebacksoon.3.That(不可省）heeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon’tbelieve.4.Wedecided,consideringhisage,thatwewouldgowithhim.5.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillsucceed.6.Iaskedherwhereshelived.7.I’lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.宾语从句I用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句.引导词有连词that，whether,if;代词有who,whose,what,whatever,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:1.Hewasdeeplyimpressedbywhathashappenedthatday.2.Shewasindifferenttowhatothersweredoing.3.Hemadealongcommentonwhattheyhavedone.宾语从句II除作动词宾语之外，宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语，如：1.HemadeitclearthathepreferredtostudyEnglish.2.Whydon’tyoubringittohisattentionthatyou’retooilltogoonworking?宾语从句IVbe+adj+宾从1.Iamafraidthatshemayleave.2.I’mnotsurewhereshelives.3.Heisconfidentthathecanpassthetest.宾语从句III有时用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句子后面。Attention:宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,question,reply,report等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词that居多（非正式可省略),引导词还有whether,how,where,what,which,why等.如:1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theywereallveryworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.3.HewasagaintroubledbythedoubtwhetherornothemightventuretomeetMaryatthestation.他再次为是否可冒昧去车站接玛丽这种顾虑所折磨。4.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkneedsconsideration.5.Itisaquestionhowhedidit.6.IhavenoideawhatIshoulddo.同位语从句有时同位语从句可以和同位的名词分开：1.TherumorspreadthatSueandDavidwerehavinganaffair.关系暧昧。2.Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewrulebeadopted.Attention:同位语从句与定语从句的区别：1）尽管都有先行词，但引导词后面的从句与先行词关系不同，同位语从句与先行词同位或等同，而定语从句则与先行词是修饰关系。2）同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当句子成分。同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用that引导e.g.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充当任何成分）2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.AttributiveorAppositiveATAPAPAT