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.一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用.时间状语：every…,sometimes,at…,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)表示格言或警句中.Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败.注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.Idon’twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比较：NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.2.一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态.时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等.Wheredidyougojustnow?2）表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作.WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3）句型：Itistimeforsb.todosth到……时间了该……了Itistimesb.didsth.时间已迟了早该……了Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了.Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早该睡觉了.would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示’宁愿某人做某事’I’dratheryoucametomorrow.4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等.Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些.比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在.Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她已不在人间.)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州.)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)注意：用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气.1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等.Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）情态动词could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?3.usedto/beusedtousedto+do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在.Motherusednottobesoforgetful.Scarfusedtotakeawalk.(过去常常散步)beusedto+doing：对……已感到习惯,或习惯于,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词.Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.(现在习惯于散步)典型例题----Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.----It’s69568442.A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时.4.一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替.will在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称.WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式,表示将来.a.主语的意图,即将做某事.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划,安排要发生的事.Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式,意为马上做某事.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用.5.begoingto/will用于条件句时,begoingto表将来will表意愿Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you’dbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.6.beto和begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.begoingto表示主观的打算或计划.Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)I’mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排)7.一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来.这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.2）倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3）在时间或条件句中.WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.4）在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后.Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.11.用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthe…that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影.Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌.典型例题(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B.(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it’sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时.ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中,从句要用完成时.注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用.即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的.（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.12.比较since和forSince用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度.Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时.Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作.)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作.)小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使.1)(对)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.2)(错)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.显然,第二句不对,它应改为Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.13.since的四种用法1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix).Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3)since+从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenhere.4)Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.被动语态的几种类型1）主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态,如：Hesawherintheshopyesterday.Shewasseenintheshopyesterday.2)主语有两个宾语的被动语态LiLeigavemeachemistrybook.Iwasgivenachemistr