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高考能力测试构词法WordFormation一．合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。3.由两个分开的词构成。(1)合成adj方式例词1adj＋adjred-hot2adj＋nfirst-class,full-time,part-time3adj＋现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,4adj＋过去分词ready-made5adj＋n-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded6n＋n-ediron-willed7n＋adjworld-famous,day-long8n＋现在分词beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,9n＋过去分词man-made,water-covered,10adv＋adjever-green11adv＋现在分词hard-working,far-seeing12adv＋过去分词well-prepared,(2)合成动词构成方式例词1n＋vday-dream2adv＋vovercome,upturn翻起3adj＋vwhite-wash(3)合成n构成方式例词1n＋nhorseback,bank-note,newspaper,cellphone,2adj＋nback-yard,forehead,3动名词＋nhidingplace,reading-room4v＋advget-off,breakin,5adv＋voutput,overflow(4)合成advhowever,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever(5)合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,（6）合成介词inside在……里quickly-cured,well-known13num＋nfive-year14num＋n+adjfive-year-old15num＋过去分词four-legged,six-storied后缀例词形容-alcentral,industrial,national,natural词-anEuropean,American,Australian-erneastern,northern,southern-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible-fulcareful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish-ivedestructive,collective,active,creative,effective-ythirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny-lesscareless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless-engolden,wooden,woolen-ouscourageous,famous,continuous,serious,various-aryimaginary,revolutionary,secondary-icrealistic,historic,poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-likechildlike,womanlike,manlike二、派生Derivation-antignorant,significant,observant,important-entdiligent,silent,excellent,frequent-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly-ishchildish,foolish前缀含义例词a-处在……arise,aside,aloneen-使可能enrich,enable,enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,disagreeun-不，做相反动作unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untiein-im-ir-il-不，非inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrectimpossible,impersonal,impolite,immature,impracticalirregular,irresponsibleillogical,non-不，非non-existent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stopde-向相反方向发decentralize（分散）,defrost（解冻）展anti-反（对）anti-freeze,anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings,misunderstand,misfortunere重复，再rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-educationex以前的ex-husband,ex-presidenttele远程telephone,telegraph,telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket,superpower,under-在……之下underline,underestimate,underground,inter-相互，之间international,interact,inter-changesub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形),translatevice副vice-premier,三、转化Conversion:指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话,mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映,drink喝—饮料,record录音—记录,name,date,hand,study,2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词)front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词chief主要的——首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessDcarelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.Thechildlooked_______athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad-vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal,semicircle,semi-automaticbi两个bicycle,biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形,tricycle三轮脚踏车,triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply,multi-national,multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre,kilogram后缀例词动词-izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,-enwiden,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,widen,shorten,quicken,deepen-fySimplify,beautify,terrify,后缀例词副词-ward(s)forward,northward,backward,downward-lyslowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendly4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemisD.physician5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked_______aboutathisclassmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.—Youcanwrite_______passageinEnglish?A.600words；a600-wordsB.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-words10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11Youmustcomewithustothepolice_______.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The_______orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?A.latelyB.latestC.laterD.latter16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin______