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现在完成时百科名片现在完成时(Presentperfect)过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。目录句型规则动词不规则动词常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表用法注意:一般过去时和现在完成时现在完成时与现在完成进行时相同点现在完成时与现在完成进行时不同点句型规则动词不规则动词常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表用法注意:一般过去时和现在完成时现在完成时与现在完成进行时相同点现在完成时与现在完成进行时不同点时间状语展开补充编辑本段句型现在完成时用法(5张)句型:基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)e.gdone①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)定义:(1)强调动作是从过去持续到现在,并有可能继续持续下去。(2)强调对现在的影响或结果,此用法容易和一般过去时混淆。两者的区别是:一般过去时有动作发生的时间点,即过去某一时间发生某一动作;现在完成时则没有,即不强调是哪个时间点发生的动作,而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。(3)在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作,但是结果对现在有影响。但过去分词一定要选择准确。编辑本段规则动词1、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:现在完成时态-中小学教育资料(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped编辑本段不规则动词2、不规则动词:AAA型原型过去式过去分词burstburstburstcastcastcastcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtputputputsetsetsetshutshutshutspreadspreadspreadletletletreadreadreadcostcostcostAAB型beatbeatbeaten,beatABA型becomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecome特殊情况readreadread(read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/)ABB型bringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtbuildbuiltbuiltburnburntburntcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundfeedfedfedgetgotgothanghung,hangedhung,hangedhearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlaylaidlaidleadledledloselostlostleaveleftleftlendlentlentmakemademademeanmeantmeantmeetmetmetpaypaidpaidsellsoldsoldshootshotshotsaysaidsaidsitsatsatstandstoodstoodshineshoneshonesweepsweptsweptsleepsleptsleptteachtaughttaughttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtwinwonwonwindwoundwoundABC型beginbeganbegunbearboreborn,borneblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosenchosendrawdrewdrawndrivedrankdrankdo/doesdiddoneflyflewflewforgiveforgaveforgivenforgetforgotforgotten,forgotfreezefrozefrozendrinkdrankdrunkgivegavegivengowentgoneknowknewknowngrowgrewgrownlielaylainrideroderiddenriseroserisenringrangrungshakeshookshakensingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswamswumthrowthrewthrownwritewrotewrittentaketooktakenwearworewornseesawseenbewas/werebeenAB型cancouldmaymightshallshouldwillwould用法(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,也就是说,动作发生在过去,而对现在造成的影响和结果.Ihavespentallofmymoney.(现在我没有钱花了.)Janehaslaidthetable.(Jane现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(现在已在此地)(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.①for+时段为…时间②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)③since+时段+ago④since+从句(过去时)●⑤Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.●注:瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与forsince连用。要改变动词come/arrive/reach/getto-----beingoout----beoutfinish----beoveropen----beopendie----bedeadBuy---haveFallill---beillComeback---bebackPuton---beon/wearWorry---beworriedCatchacold---haveacold………………★1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.★2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.★3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?★4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.★5、用wear代替putonb)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词1、be+married代marry2、be+ill代fall(get)ill3、be+dead代die4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep5、be+awake代wake/wakeup6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be+open代open8、beclosed代close/shut9、be+missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be+副词”代终止性动词1“be+on”代start,begin2“be+up”代getup3“be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4“behere(there)”代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)there等等d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词1.“bein/at+地点”代替goto/cometo2.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy3.“bein/at+地点”代替moveto编辑本段常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/reachedsw.come/gone/movedtosw.→havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout4.havebecome→havebeen5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclosed/opened6.havegotup→havebeenup;7.havedied→havebeendead;8.haveleftsw.→havebeenawayfromsw.9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep;10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover;11.havemarried→havebeenmarried;12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.;13.havebegun→havebeenon14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had15.havelost→haven’thad16.haveputon→haveworn17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold;18.havegottoknow→haveknown19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…编辑本段用法注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(肯定),yet(否定,疑问),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?3.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingIhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.Ihaveusedthispe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