音标小结

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英语语音知识归纳一、48个国际音标:元音单元音[i:][α:][כ:][u:][∂:][i][e][æ][Λ][כ][u][ə]双元音[ei][ai][כi][əu][au][iə][eə][uə]辅音清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][θ][∫][ts][t∫][tr][h]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dz][dʒ][dr][j][l][r][m][n][ŋ][w]二、字母读音:字母AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIi发音[ei][bi:][si:][di:][i:][ef][dʒ][eit∫][ai]字母JjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRr发音[dʒei][kei][el][em][en][əu][pi:][kju:][α:]字母SsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz发音[es][ti:][ju:][vi:][dʌblju][eks][wai][zed]三、辅音字母在单词中的发音情况如下表:字母BbCcDdFfGgHhJj发音[b][k][s][d][f][g][h][dʒ]例词bigcakericeduckfishgreathotJoke字母KkLlMmNnPpQqRr发音[k][l][m][n][p][kw][r]例词bikelikemapnosepenquitered字母SsTtVvWwXxYyZz发音[s][t][v][w][Ks][j][z]例词sittenfiveweekboxyellowzoo四、元音字母及元音字母組合的发音:总口诀:元音字母音多变,熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单,见面就把音来念。字母组合固定音,千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词找规律,划分音节顺口连,元音字母在中间,辅音字母两边站,字母组合算一个,熟能生巧难亦简。常见元音字母组合发音口诀:字母组合固定音,常受影响发音变;千锤百炼习语感。组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节));常受影响发音变;为了顺口图方便,近似发音相变换。另有强化加弱化,多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音),熟读百遍字腔圆。1、元音字母aei(y)ou在重读音节中的发音字母aei(y)ou重读开音节[ei][i:][ai][əu][ju:][u:]例词cakethemebikecloseconsumeblue重读闭音节[æ][e][i][ɔ][u][ʌ]例词havebedsitstopputbus注意:除了符合读音规则的词以外,还有一些词是例外的,需要逐个记忆。某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象,例如:orange['ɔrindʒ],very['veri],American[ə'merikən],paragraph['pærəgra:f]段落2、元音字母aei(y)ou在非重读音节中大多数读作[ə]或[i]非重读音节中aouei弱读成[ə][i][ə][ə][ə][i][i]例词aboutAmericanChinabreakfastorangevillagemessageo'clockpolicemanautumnhundredjacketbeginharvestcomingdining-roommanycountry注意1、短元音“e”大多数情况下要弱读成[i]。2、短元音“i”大多数情况下仍发[i]。2、短元音“aou”大多数情况下要弱读成[ə]。注:(1)元音字母组合在非重读音节中读[ə]或[i]例如:neighbour['neibə],serious['siəriəs],famous['feiməs],biscuit['biskit]coffee['kɔfi],foreign['fɔrən],monkey['mʌŋki](2)在非重读音节中,动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]例如:operate['ɔpəreit](3)在非重读音节中,u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母jlrs后面时,读[u(:)]音例如:July[dʒu'lai],influence['influəns],February['februəri],issue['iʃu:]3、元音字母组合的发音a、元音字母a或a+其他字母字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例词a重读开音节[ei]name,face,take,cake,radio,space特例:(have读作[hæv],请牢记)重读闭音节[æ]hand,stand,maths,happy,activity[æk’tiviti];transcription[træn’skripʃən]在w或wh后[ɔ]what,watch,wash,whatever,want,quality[ɔ:]water[‘wɔːtə];a在非重读音节中[ə]substance[‘sʌbstəns];breakfast[’brekfəst];woman[’wumən][ʌ]comrade[’kʌmrid];courage[‘kʌridʒ]a在ss,st,sp,sk,th,f,n前[a:]class[kla:s],grass[gra:s],fast[fa:st],grasp[gra:sp],ask[a:sk],basket[’ba:skit],father['fa:ðə],after['ɑ:ftə]plant[plɑ:nt]但也要牢记一种特殊情况:climate,读做[’klaimit]。ai/ay在重读音节中[ei]wait,train,fail,rain,say,way,May,today,pain,pay,afraid,day,playalal在单词开始或中间位置,在大多数辅音字母前读[ɔ:]talk,walk[ɔ:l]also,always,salt,almost在f,m前[a:]half,palm手掌;手心,calm镇定的;平静的all一般在单词结尾[ɔ:l]tall,hall,small,ball,wall,allaw,au,augh,ough[ɔ:]paw,saw,seesaw,draw,drawer,strawfaucet,astronaut,saucer,august,autumncaught,daughter,naughty,taughtbought,fought,thought,broughtass在重读音节中[a:s]ass,glass,class,grass,brassask[a:sk]task,mask,basket.ank[æŋk]tank,thankb、元音字母e或e+其他字母字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例词e重读开音节[i:]she,we,these,relay重读闭音节[e]well,get,very,stepe[iə]zero['ziərəu],hero[hiərəu],serious[siəriəs];e在非重读音节中[ə]Student[stju:dənt],open[əupən],children[tʃildrən]ea在重读音节中[i:]seat,read,tea,easy,teacher,teach,cheapplease[e]bread,head,ready,measure,heavy,sweaterweather极少数读[ei]greatbreakyeayea-sayingee在重读音节中[i:]tree,week,green,see,keepjeep,threeei/ey[i:]receive,key[ei]eight,neighbour,they,either后缀-er一般读作[ə]longer[lɔŋgə]后缀-est一般读作[ist]longest[lɔŋgist]eu/ew一般读作[ju:]new,nephew,few,newspaper极少,特殊关注即可(一般在字母j,l,r,s之后)chew例外[u:]blew吹,chew咀嚼,clew线索,brew啤酒,drew绘画(过去式),flew飛(过去式),slew许多,strew撒在…上,screw螺丝钉,jewelrythrew,投(throw的过去式),crew全体乘务员c、元音字母i或i+其他字母字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例词i重读开音节(give例外)[ai]mine,quite,like,side,Friday,my重读闭音节[i]milk,ship,it,with,window,begini双音节词的结尾是“辅音字母+le”,前面的i所在的音节是绝对开音节时[ai]title,Bible,rifle在-igh,-ight,-ign,-ild,-ind前[ai]high,bright,light,child,find在词尾-ile,-ite,-ise,-ize,-wise里[ai]advertise,crocodile,appetite,realize,otherwisei在双音节和多音节词中i读[i]differ,fifteen,history,mixture,village,winneri在词尾一ique里,i读[i:]antique,technique,uniqueie在重读音节中,辅音字母前[i:]field,piece,believe在重读音节词的末尾[ai]lie,die,tie极少数[aiə]ia,io在单词中常读[aiə]igh在重读音节中[ai]night,right,high,brightyy在单词里作元音时,当y前面没有元音时读[ai]why,fly,try,by,dry,sky,cry,shyy在单词里作元音时,当y前面有其他元音时读[i]baby,sunny,mommy,bunny当字母y作为辅音字母在词首时,读[j]yes,you,year,yourselfd、元音字母o或o+其他字母字母或字母组合音节类型或在词中的位置读音例词o重读开音节[əu]no,go,nose,home重读闭音节[ɔ]not,dog,hot,stop在move、prove及派生词[u:]move[mu:v];approve[əupru:v]在m,n,v或th前常读[ʌ]come,month,love,brother,nothing,on,long,on,mom,other,mother,monkeyo词的结尾是-ia,-ial,-ian,-iate,-io,-ion,-ious,-ium等,前面只有一个辅音字母(r除外)时,o读[əu]associate,devotion,Mongolia,devotion双音节词的词尾是,al,-an,-ar,-en,-ive,-o,-on,-or,-our,-um,–us,-y时[əu]broken,local,open,stolen,lotus在双音节词和多音节词中[əu]alone,postpone,explode,在-old,-oll,-ost前[əu]almost,cold,soldier,post,old,hold,gold,host词末的o读[əu][əu]also,piano,tobacco多音节词尾o+辅音字母+e[əu]Telephone,envelopeoa在重读音节中[əu]coat,boat,road,Joan,goaloi,oy在重读音节中[ɔi]noise,join,boy,toy,joy,point,boy,toiletoo在多数情况下[u:]school,too,ool,room,spoon,google,noon,pool,soon,tooth,zoo,roof,root,stool,tool在d,k前读短音(但food[fu:d]是特例)[u]book,look,cook,wood,cookie,foot,hook,good,shook,brook,football,bookstoreou在多数情况下[au]round,house,about,count,down少数[əu]though在ght前[ɔ:]ought(应该),thought,tough极少数读,特殊关注[ʌ]country,tough,young,enou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