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PresentPerfectTense现在完成时一.构成:1.肯定句:S(主语)+have/has+PP(过去分词)2.否定句:S(主语)+have/has+not+PP(过去分词3.疑问句Have/has+S(主语)+PP(过去分词)?Yes,S+have/has.No,S+haven’t/hasn’t助动词二、过去分词的构成1.+edwork,plant,call2.e+dlive,change,like,love,agree,savehate,move,arrive,skate,hope,use3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写＋ed.如：plan,stop,drop,fit(适合),prefer(更喜欢),travel４．以辅音字母＋y，结尾，变y为i＋edtry,study,carry,hurry,cry,5.不规则变化（见书后表）写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词1become_______-________2break_______-_________3bring_______-________4build_______-_________5buy_______-_________6catch_______-_________7choose________-_______8cut________-__________9fall_______-__________10fly_______-__________11forget_______-_______12grow________-_______13hit______-______14hurt_____-______15keep_____-______16lend______-_____17lose______-______18meet_____-______19put______-______20read______-_____21ring______-______becamebecomebrokebrokenbroughtbroughtbuiltbuiltboughtboughtcaughtcaughtchosechosencutcutfellfallenflewflownforgotforgottengrewgrownhithithurthurtkeptkeptlentlentlostlostmetmetputputreadreadrangrung1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的)常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.二:用法:6TranslatethemintoEnglish.1.你以前做过风筝吗?2.我从来没有见过这么奇怪的人．3.到现在你学了多少英语单词?4.这部电影他已经看过5遍了.5.最近有没有读一些有趣的书?6.在过去几天里,你吃了什么?7.自从她搬到上海以后,我就没见过她.Haveyoumadeakitebefore?I’veneverseensuchastrangeman.HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearnedsofar?Hehasalreadyseenthisfilm5times.Hareyoureadanyinterestingbooksrecently?Whathaveyoueateninthepastseveraldays?Ihaven’tmethersinceshemovedtoShanghai.和现在完成时连用的短语还有•before,never,recently,twice,sofar,inthelast/pastfewyears,uptonow…•1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;•2)不能与when连用2)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsince(自从)hewasborn.Haveyoustayedheresince(自从)3o’clock?since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3)since+从句ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:Takenotes用for或since填空1.Mr.BrownhashadhisTV________15years.2.I’vetakendrivinglessons_________lastmonth.3.Mysisterhashadhercellphone________amonth.4.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme___________mybirthday.5.Wehaven’tusedourcar________alongtime.6.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_________years.7.Tomhaswornglasses_________hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsinceQ:对for和since的句子用什么来提问？method1:动作状态diebeoverleaveborrow/buyarrivebeginend/finishjoinmarrykeep/hadbeawaybeherebeon(上演）bemarriedbeinbedead•opensth---keepsthopenfallill---beillgetup---beup•catchacold---haveacoldcomehere---beheregothere---bethere•become---becomeback---bebackfallasleep---beasleep•go(get)out→beoutputon→wear1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years.HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.Ihavehad/keptthebookfor4months.注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)method2:Itis/hasbeen+时间段since+一般过去时的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。2.Nick参军3年了.3.他离开深圳好长时间了。4.这本书我已借了4个月了.Itis2yearssincehisgrandpadied.Itis3yearssinceNickjoinedthearmy.ItisalongtimesinceheleftShenzhen.Itis4monthssinceIborrowedthebook.1.TheEnglishprofessorarrivedhereaboutaweekagoTheEnglishprofessor_________hereforaboutaweek.2.Herhusbandstartedtoworkonthefarmthreehoursago.Herhusband__________onthefarmforthreehours.3.TheFrenchmusiciancametoChinalastmonth,andheisstillhere.TheFrenchmusician______________Chinaforamonth.4.Hejoinedthearmyin1985.He______________thearmy____1985.5.HejoinedtheLeaguehalfayearago.HehasbeenaLeague____________halfayear.改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。hasbeenhasworkedhasbeeninhasbeeninsincememberfor6.Thebusleftfiveminutesago.Thebus_____already_________forfiveminutes.7.ThegirlboughtanewschoolbaginSeptember.Thegirl_________theschoolbagsinceSeptember.8.Theshopclosedlastwinter.Theshop_________________sincelastwinter.9.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilm______________fortenminutes.10.Thedogdiedtwodaysago.Thedog__________________fortwodays.11.Themeetingendedlastmonth.Themeeting_________________foramonth.hasbeenawayhashadhasbeenclosedhasbeenonhasbeendeadhasbeenoverHavebeenin/havebeento/havegoneto.have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：havebeenhere(there)/athome(school)/onthefarm,havebeenhere(there)/abroadhave(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。现在完成时和一般过去时•现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的的时间状语连用：yesterday,lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990…..•而一般过去时只表