PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedAIPManagement进程中行动管理PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReserved今日学习目标1.了解进程中行动的影响2.认识到进程中行动可以进行管理3.提供一套流程对进程中的行动进行管理,并将其转化为成果4.学习如何分析现有的进程中行动(基础状况)和期望的进程中行动(目标状况),并制定行动计划,将进程中行动从基础状况发展到目标状况5.用实际操作来证明进程中行动管理的作用Today’sObjectives1.UnderstandtheimpactofActions-In-Process(AIP’s)2.Realizethattheyaremanageable3.ProvideaprocessthatwillmanageAIP’sandconvertthemintoDeliverables4.LearnhowtoanalyzeyourcurrentAIPworkload(baseline)yourdesiredAIPworkload(entitlement)anddevelopanactionplantomovefrombaselinetoentitlement5.UseapracticalexercisetoillustratethepowerofAIPmanagementAIPManagement进程中行动管理PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReserved•进程中行动是在流程中部分完成的工作,它有•明确的最终成果(完成后应该是什么样子?)•明确的完成时间(什么时候完成)•有负责人和明确所需的资源(谁)•流程的速度由…确定:•任务要求:最终成果的复杂性•流程设计:步骤和次序,所需资源•工作量:积压工作和进行中的工作•总的流程速度取决于速度最慢的流程(瓶颈问题)•瓶颈问题经常会转移•AnAIPisapartiallycompletedtask,existinginaprocess,thathas:•Adefineddeliverable-(Whatdoesitlooklikewhencompleted?)•Adefinedduedate-(When)•Anownerandanidentifiedresourcerequirement-(Who)•Thespeedofanyprocessisdeterminedby:•Requirementsofthetasks(complexityofdeliverables)•Designoftheprocess(numberandsequenceofsteps,resources)•Amountofworktobeperformed(Backlogandworkinprocess)•Thetotalprocesslinespeedisonlyasfastastheslowestprocess(bottleneck)•BottlenecksoftenmovearoundAIPBasicConceptsAIP基本概念PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedWhatisAIPManagement?什么是进程中行动管理?AIPManagementisaboutthecontrolofworkflowinthenon-manufacturingenvironmentAnyprocess,evenoneoperatingatentitlement,canbeoverburdenediftheamountofworkenteringtheprocessisnotcontrolledOverburdenedprocessesbecome“non-repetitive”processes,whichleadstochaos•进程中行动管理是在非生产环境下工作的管理•任何流程,即使只需一步就可达到目标状况,假如工作数量进入流量不被控制可能会负载。•负载流程由于没有重复的改进从而导致混乱。PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedWhatareActions-in-Process(AIP’s)?什么是进程中行动?Forexample,AIP’scouldreferto:Thenewprogrambeingcreatedforsalesincentives.Theorders-in-processinanorderentryprocess.Thenewproductsbeingdevelopedforthemarketplace.例如,进程中行动可能指的是:•为刺激销售而创建新的活动•在订单输入流程中正在处理中的定单•市场的原因从而开发新的产品PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReserved•进程中行动管理的益处:•将实际行动和战略挂钩•关键行动能够更快完成•提高整个组织内部的沟通•能帮你节省15-25%时间•增加产量(全部的数量,最高的价格及生产效率)•总流程速度只相当于最慢的流程(瓶颈)的速度,是可变因素•AIPManagementBenefits:•Linkactionstostrategy•Completecriticalactionssooner•Improvecommunicationthroughoutorganization•Allowyoutore-channel15%to25%ofyourtime•IncreaseOutput(Overallquantity,Highestvalue,Productivity)•Thetotalprocesslinespeedisonlyasfastastheslowestprocess(bottleneck)whichmaybeavariablefactorAIPBasicConcepts进程中行动的基本概念PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReserved大齿轮尽力带动小齿轮•大齿轮范例•老板•大项目•大客户AIPORIGINS进程中行动来源BIGGEARSDRIVELITTLEGEARSHARD•ExamplesofBigGears:•TheBoss•BigProjects•BigCustomersPROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedAIP’sPropagateGeometrically进程中行动(AIP)层次分布图AIPR/GAIPR/GAIPR/GR/GR/GR/GR/GR/GRRRRRRCompletion完成AIPGCEOAIPGR=Receiver接收者G=Generator提出者PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedAIP’sPropagateGeometrically进程中行动层次分布图你是否感觉自己就在底端?DoYouFeelLikeyouareintheBottomBox?PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedYES“AIPOverload”causesparalysisinanyprocessresultinginmissedschedules,longcycletimes,andlowFirstPassYields.“进程中行动超负荷”引起流程的瘫痪,导致无法按期完成工作,周期时间长,第一次通过率低是DoyouneedAIPControl?进程中行动需要控制吗?PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedWhyControlAIP’s为什么需要进程中行动控制?AIP’sneedtobealignedstrategicallyforacompanytofocusonitsbusinessandcustomerobjectivesAIP’sneedtobealignedtacticallyinorderforacompanytofocusitsresourcestomeetitsbusinessstrategiesAIP’sneedtobecontrolledfunctionallyinordertomeetcost/profit/cashrequirementstoimprovefinancialperformanceIfAIP’sarenotcontrolled,thecycletimeofallprocesseswilltendtoincreaseIfcycletimesincrease,moreresourcesareneededtocompleteactionsinatimelymannerTherefore,lackofAIPcontrolendsupcostingabusinessmoremoney•公司需要将进程中的行动进行战略性的统一,将目标集中于公司业务和客户•公司需要将进程中的行动进行战术上的统一,将资源集中在满足商务战略上•各部门需要进行进程中行动管理,以满足成本/利润/现金的要求,提高财务表现•如果不进行进程中行动控制,所有流程的周期时间会趋于增加•如果周期时间延长,按时完成行动需要增加资源•因此,缺乏进程中行动的管理,会导致公司花费更多的钱PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedCT=Where:AIP=Actions-In-(the)Process,i.e.,thenumberofactiveAIPsPS=ProcessingSpeed,i.e.,theaveragenumberofAIPscompletedduringagiventimeintervalAIP=正在处理的行动,即:进行中行动的数量PS=工作处理速度,即:在给定的时间段内完成的AIP平均数量PS1(AIPs)aAnd:ASimpleFormulawithaPowerfulMessage一个简单的公式带出强有力的信息CompletionsTimePeriodAIPs进程中行动周期时间=已完成任务所用时间PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReserved•用过滤器来优化管理•我能做吗•能否增值•是否符合战略目标•能否帮助客户•如果不做–后果如何•集中精力事情太多,时间太少•Manageprioritiesbyusingfilters•CanIdoIt?•Doesitaddvalue?•Doesitmeetourstrategicgoals?•Doesithelpmycustomer?•IfIdon’tdoit-whataretheconsequences?•Stayfocused!Somanythingstodo-solittletime!ManageActivities(AIPManagement)工作管理(进程中行动管理)PROPRIETARY©2001ThomasGroup,Inc.,AllRightsReservedHowManySymptomsofExcessiveAIP’sDoYouHave?在过多的进程中行动中你有多少的症状•返工•解决问题耗时太长•太多紧急、应急事务•解决问题的能力变弱•错过交付日期•不可预测的流程;第一次通过率下降•降低•周期时间延长•不信任/迁咎于他人•检查/以防万一•频繁改变优先次序•Rework.•Problemresolutiontakestoolong.•Lotsoffirefightin