搜索
SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructuresstrugglen．&vi．斗争；奋斗；搏斗(教材P64)WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle．当我开始学习德语时，这是一场奋斗。strugglefor．．．努力争取……；为……而斗争struggleagainst/with．．．与……作斗争struggletodosth．努力做某事struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来①Wehavetostrugglewithallkindsofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad．我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。②Workersarestrugglingforacleancanteenandhealthyfood．工人们正在为干净的食堂和健康的食物而斗争。③Shenevergaveupandstruggledto_live(live)anactivelife．她从不放弃，努力过着积极的生活。④Aftertheaccident,LinTaostruggled_to_his_feetanddialed119．出事后，林涛挣扎着站起来并拨打了119。pointofview观点；看法(教材P64)IhadfinallycometoaplacewhereIcouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworldfromadifferentpointofview．我终于来到了一个可以用外语思考的地方，我可以从一个不同的角度看世界。fromone’spointofviewinone’sview/opinionasfarassb．isconcerned依某人看来①Frommypointofview,youshouldturntoyourteacherforhelp．依我看来，你应该向老师求助。②Irespectyourpoint_of_view,_butI’mnotsureIagreewithyou．我尊重你的观点，但我还是不敢苟同。③In_my_opinion/view,_youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities．＝As_far_as_I’m_concerned,_youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities．＝From_my_point_of_view,_youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities．在我看来，通过这些活动，你可以更好地了解春节。the＋比较级，the＋比较级越……，就越……(教材P64)Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow．这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的大脑就会增长得越多。themore．．．theless．．．越……，就越不……themore．．．thebetter．．．……越多，……就越好①Themoreheexplained,themoreconfusedIbecame．他越解释我就越迷惑。②Asisknowntous，thelazier(lazy)apersonis，themorethingsheneedstodotomorrow．众所周知，一个人越懒，他明天要做的事情就越多。③Theharderyouwork，thegreater(great)progressyouwillmake．你越努力工作，取得的进步就越大。④Themorecarefulyouare，thefewer(few)mistakesyouwillmake．你越仔细，就越少犯错误。关系副词引导的定语从句(when,why,where)用适当的关系副词填空1．(教材P62)Therearemanyreasonswhy_thishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem．2．(教材P62)EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywhere_theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection．3．(教材P64)ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountrywhereGermanwasspoken．4．(教材P64)Ifinallyunderstoodthereasonwhy_mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup．5．(教材P68)ThenIsawanadvertisementthatofferedawonderfulsummercourseinGerman,andthatwasthedaywhenIdecidedtotakeonanewlanguage．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语1．关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。◆IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirsttravelledbyplane．我仍然记得我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。◆Wewillneverforgettheyearwhenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing．我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。◆I’dliketoliveinthehousewherethereisplentyofsunshine．我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。◆ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown．我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆除了。3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。◆Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday．我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。◆Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometohisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：◆Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight？你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)◆Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm？你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)◆Thereasonwhy/forwhichyoufailedwasthatyouhadnotfollowedyourmother’sadvice．你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或forwhich,why作原因状语)◆Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus．我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)[即时演练1]——对比填空：that,which,when,where,why①Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether．②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogether．③Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotsound．④Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain．⑤Keepthebookinaplacewhereyoucanfinditeasily．⑥Thisisthehousewhich/thatwasbuiltbymygrandfatherfortyyearsago．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据：1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。◆YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous．昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor．．．因……而出名)2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。◆Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos．这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(withcamera用照相机)◆Theoldwomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousartist．刚才和你们说话的老太太是一位著名的艺术家。(talkwithsb．和某人谈话)3．根据句子的意思来选择。◆Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tsurftheInternet，brokedownyesterday．昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。◆Ihavetenbooks,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan．我有10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。◆Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarelawyers．这位老人有两个儿子，他们两个都是律师。在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如lookafter,lookfor等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。◆Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy．(正)◆Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy．(误)[即时演练2]——用适当的关系词或介词填空①Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofwhichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries．②ThegirltowhomyouspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher．③Thedaywillcomeonwhichwewillwinthefinalvictory．④Thewomanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourcompany．⑤Thedeathofhissonwasanexperiencefromwhichheneverfullyrecovered．Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Wevisitedthehousewherethefamousscientistoncelived．2．Thecarwho