定语从句用法总结

1定语从句用法总结一.定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。eg:Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.其中划线部分为定语从句。二.分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。eg:1.Thisistheschool(that/which)wevisitedlastyear.（限制性定语从句）2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.（非限制性定语从句）3.Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.（间隔性定语从句）注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。三.构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。eg:Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.此句中先行词为：narrowstreetsandsmallhouses,引导词为：that，定语从句为：thatarebuiltclosetoeachother四．基本原则定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词Eg.ThisisthebookthatIlikeitbest.(it与book指同一物，所以要去掉。)五．定语从句中常见考点：考点一.关系代词和关系副词的辨别1.关系代词that（人、物），which（物）、who(m)（人）、whose（某人的，某物的）、as22.关系副词when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因）注：关系副词可变为“介词+关系代词”结构（即：关系副词=介词+关系代词）。eg:Thisisthemountainvillagewhere(=inwhich)Istayedlastmonth.3.怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词方法一：找出先行词和定语从句中动词，看定从中动词与先行词能否构成习惯搭配。能，用关系代词；不能，用关系副词.Eg.IwillneverforgetthedaythatIspentwithmyparents.(定从中动词spent与先行词theday构成spenttheday,所以用关系代词that或which或省略)方法二：找出先行词和定语从句，看定语从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语，如缺少，用关系代词。如不缺少，定语从句所表达意思相对完整，用关系副词。eg:①.Thisisthefactory____madecars.(缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which，作主语不能省略)②.Thisisthereason_______hewaslateforschool.(定语从句hewaslateforschool表达意思相对完整，所以用关系副词why或介词+关系代词forwhich)注意：当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity等抽象意义的名词时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句.eg:Hegothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehemaylosecontroloftheplane.考点二.定从中that与which的区别1.关系代词只用that的情况。（1）当先行词为不定代词（all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything等）或先行词被不定形容词（all、many、some、few、little等）修饰时。eg:Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself？（2）当先行词既有人又有物时。eg:Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatyouaretalkingabout.（3）当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。eg:①ThisbusisthefirstthatwillgotoBeijing.②ThisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.（4）当先行词被only、very、next、last等修饰时。3eg:ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.（5）在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。eg:Whichisthebikethatyoulost?（6）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。eg:Zhengzhouisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.2.关系代词只用which的情况。（1）引导非限制性定语从句时。eg:Heturnedtobeaverysuccessfulman,whichwasmorethanweexpected.（2）在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用which。eg:Thisisthequestionaboutwhichtheyhavesomuchdiscussioninthepastfewweeks.（3）当关系代词后有插入成分时。eg:MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,which,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.3.指人时，关系代词只用who(m)的情况。（1）引导非限制性定语从句时。eg:Shehasadaughter,whoisadoctorinthefamoushospital.（2）当“介词+关系代词(宾格形式)”结构引导定语从句时。eg:Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeprovedtobeathief.（3）当关系代词后有插入成分时。eg:Thisismyfriendwho,Ithink,isthebestinourclass..（4）在Therebe句型结构中，先行词指人时。eg:Thereisayoungladywhoasksforyou.考点三：as的用法及as与which的区别1.as引导的定语从句（1）as常用于固定搭配中：thesame...as，such…as，as/so…aseg:①.Zhengzhouissuchawonderfulcityaseveryonelikestovisit.比较：Zhengzhouissuchawonderfulcitythateveryonelikestovisitit.4注意：第一句是定语从句，所以定从中没有出现与先行词city意义上一致的词，第二句是状语从句，that后应为完整句子，所以it不能省略。②.TodayIboughtthesamebikeasTomdidlastweek.(同样的但不是同一辆)比较：Todayhewearsthesamecoatthathedidyesterday.（同一件衣服）（2）as常用于固定句型中：asweall/everybobyknow(s),,asisoftenthecase,asweexpect等。eg:Asweallknow,Zhengzhouisanattractivecity.2.在非限制性定语从句中，as与which的区别⑴指代整句话内容时，as可位于主句前面、中间或后面；而which一般位于主句后。另外，which还可指代一个名词或一个短语。eg①:Asweallknow,Tomisagoodboy.②：China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.③：Shedoesn'tthinksheiswrong,whichmakesherteacherangry.（which指代上文整个句子）⑵.as在句中有正如之意，而which没有，eg:①Hesucceededthistime,ashadbeenexpected.②Shehasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesherparentsveryhappy.③Asweallknow,knowledgechangeslife.考点四.定从中所属关系的表达whose引导定语从句时必须和名词放在一起。whose+n(s)=the+n(s)+ofwhich/whom=of+which/whom+the+n(s)eg:Thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.=Thehousetheroofofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.=Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.考点五．定从中动词形式与先行词的一致5eg:①Heisoneofthestudentswhofailtheexam.②Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhofailstheexam.③Thosewhoarefondofstudyingdowellinexams.考点六.theway作先行词引导定从时，关系词可用inwhich/that/省略。eg:Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/省略hespoketome.考点七.介词+关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词表示人,只能用whom；关系代词表示物,只能用which。*怎样选择正确的介词1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：①ThisisthepenonwhichIspent10yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配)②ThisisthepenforwhichIpaid10yuan.(paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配)2.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：①IrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromhighschool.(强调在具体某一天要用介词on)②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedinRussia.（强调在某几天时间内要用介词during）③IrememberthemonthinwhichIgotalongwithTom（在month前介词要用in）3.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?(write...forthearticle)4.根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。①Thesecretarywithwhomthebossisnothappywillbefiredforhercarelessness.(behappywith对…表示满意)老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她粗心而被解雇。②Heisalearnedmanwithwhomwearefamiliar.(befamiliarwith对...熟悉)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。5.有些“动词+介词”的固定词组不可拆开用常见的动词词组有：lookfor,lookafter,carefor,sendfor,hearof，hearfrom,dealwith,6getthrough,payattentionto等。Eg.Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.（错误）6.“不定代词both,some,any,many,(a)few,none，neither…等+ofwhom或ofwhich，表示整体与部分的关系或所属关系eg:①Ihavemanyapples,someo