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Ⅰ.重点单词1．__________vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力2．___________vt.&vi.使变大；伸展3．___________vt.&vi.循环；流传4．____________n.自由；自主5．____________adv.因此；所以；因而6．______________n.工作；职业；占领7．_______________vt.n.遗憾；惋惜；懊悔8．______________n.vt.焦点；中心点集中；聚焦9．_____________vt.减少；减缩struggleexpandcirculatefreedomthereforeoccupationregretfocusreduce10．____________n.评论；议论vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论11．n．饥饿；欲望vt.&vi.(使)饥饿→adj.饥饿的；12．vt.&vi.配备；装备→n．设备(不可数)13．vt.&vi.输出；出口→(反义词)vt.&vi.输入；进口14．_________vt.使迷惑；使为难→_____________adj.令人迷惑的→___________adj.感到迷惑的→__________n．迷惑15．_________n．发现；发觉→___________vt.发现；发觉16．__________n．总结；摘要；概要→_____________vt.总结commenthungerequipequipmenthungryexportimportconfuseconfusingconfusedconfusiondiscoverydiscoversummarysummarizeⅡ.重点短语1．____________幸亏；由于；因为2．_____________摆脱；除去3．_____________________对……感到满意4．________________宁愿；宁可5．_______________逐渐增强；建立；开发6．__________________导致；造成(后果)thankstorid...ofbesatisfiedwithwouldratherbuildupleadto7.__________________集中(注意力、精力等)于8.__________________盛产9._____________________使……免受(影响；伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)10.__________________选择……而不选择……；与……相比更喜欢……focusonberichinkeep...freefrom/ofprefer...to...Importantwordsandphrases1.…forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.strugglevi.搏斗,挣扎,努力,拼搏strugglen.努力,拼搏（可数名词）常见搭配：struggleagainst/withsb/sth.与……斗争struggleforsth.为争取……而奋斗/斗争struggletodosth.努力做某事Struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来2.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.1)thanksto表示“幸亏,多亏”多用于表达正面意思,也可表示负面，“讽刺”或“正话反说”2)rid…of…摆脱，除去(ridvt.摆脱，除去)•rid-过去式rid/ridded-过去分词rid/ridded•现在分词riddingridoneselfofsb./sth.摆脱，从……中解脱ridsb.ofsth.为某人去除，清除某物ridn.除去getridofberidofbreakawayfrom摆脱Wouldratherdo…thandoWoulddo…ratherthandoPrefertodo…ratherthando宁可做…也不做wouldrather后还可跟从句，用虚拟语气，时态往后退一步。用一般过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。3.4.Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.1)thereforeadv.因此；所以；因而，表示因果关系2)Equipvt.&vi.配备，装备n.equipmentequipsb.withsth.用……来装备某人equip…for…为…配备bewell/badlyequipped装备精良/差beequippedwith装备着beequippedforsth.对…有准备Importantsentences1.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat?[点拨]本句中使用了插入语doyouthink。插入语经常插到一个语法结构完整的句子里去，对句子的内容作一些附加说明，有时表示说话者的态度和看法等，它不和句子的成分发生结构上的关联，常置于句首、句中或句末。把插入语去掉之后，句子的结构和语义还是完整的。①常用于插入语的动词有suppose,know,hope,believe,guess,find,say等。如：Youcamebyair,Isuppose.②用作插入语的主要有：副词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing形式短语和分句。如：•Twomiddle-agedpassengersfellintothesea.Unfortunately,neitherofthemcouldswim.•Ifsherantowardsit,itmightattackher.Worsestill,itcouldevencarryoffthebabyinitsmouth.2.AlthoughheisoneofChina’smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsidershimselfafarmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.[分析]①这是一个含让步状语从句的主从复合句。其结构为:让步状语从句(AlthoughheisoneofChina’smostfamousscientists)+主句(YuanLongpingconsidershimselfafarmer)+原因状语从句（forheworksthelandtodohisresearch）。②主句中包含“consider+宾语+n.”结构。③for引导的从句为主句中所说的话提供推断的理由,加以解释,此时for前要加逗号。Theshopwasquitenew,forithadopenedonlytheweekbefore.④workvi./vt.经营,管理worktheland=growcropsonit耕耘土地Heworksabigfarm.3.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.thefirst...todosth.意为“第一个做……”。本句中动词不定式(togrowrice)作定语,修饰thefirstagriculturalpioneer。thefirst,thelast,thesecond,theonly等短语后面多用动词不定式作后置定语。Heisthefirstguytotreatmelikethis.4.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.makeit+宾语补足语+动词不定式,it做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语。it做形式宾语,通常和下列动词连用:consider,think,make,find,believe,count,declare,deem主张,fancy,feel,guess,imagine,judge,prove,see,show,suppose,understand,take等。leadto导致、造成(后果)后多跟名词或代词resultin引起(某种结果)、使获得(某种成果)、结果……resultfrom由……造成、因……而产生3.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.keepfreefromemotionalreactionskeepfreefromrestrictions避免激动的反应避免受到限制keep…freefrom“远离”或“避免”动词-ing形式作主语和宾语动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，具有名词的性质，在句中可以充当主，宾，表，定，宾补和状语。不能单独做谓语。其形式见下表主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定式notdoing1.动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作,谓语动词用单数。如：Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.动词-ing形式作主语2.动词-ing形式作主语和不定式做主语一样，用it作形式主语。Isitworthwhilequarrellingwithher?It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’sgohome.Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.Itis/wasnouse/nogood+doingsthuseless/worth/worthwhile/awasteoftime+doing3.“Thereis+no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法……”。如：Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.Thereis/wasnopointinnouse/nogoodinnothingworsethannowaynosensein+doing1.有些动词如admit,avoid,consider,escape,deny,risk,suggest等后能接动词-ing形式作宾语。动词-ing形式作宾语We’reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.2.有些短语如can’thelp,beusedto,endup,feellike,leadto,bebusy,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,keepon,insiston,begoodat,giveup等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：Ihavebeenusedtolivinghere.I’mfondofcollectingstampsandcoins.3.need,require,want作“需要”解时,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于tobedone。如：need/require/wantdoing=need/require/wanttoberepaired.ThisbikeneedsrepairingThisbikeneedstoberepaired.[注意]1.动词-ing形式的复合结构是指在动词-ing形式前面加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者.WouldyoumindMikeborrowingyourbike?2.逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格；3.当逻辑主语不出现在句