情态动词(讲义及答案)

第1页情态动词（讲义）一、can,could,may,might表示请求许可1.区别CanItakethebookaway?CouldItakethebookaway?MayItakethebookaway?MightItakethebookaway?语气的委婉程度从高到低为can,could,may,might。2.can,could,may,might表示请求许可时的回答。—Canyougivemeanotherchance?—Yes,Ican.No,Ican’t.—CouldIlookatyourpictures?—Yes,ofcourseyou./—Iamsorryyou.用could提问，表示“能„„吗？”，若表示同意用can，不同意用can’t，注意不用could来回答。—MayIspeaktoyouforamomentinprivate,please?May表示请求许可时，常常与第一人称I连用，构成“MayI…?”句式，表示“我可以„„吗？”肯定回答用Yes,youmay./Yes,please./Yes,ofcourse.否定回答用No,youcan’t./No,youmustn’t.()—MayIsmokehere?—,you.Itcanbedangerous.A.Yes;canB.No;can’tC.Yes;mayD.No;needn’tMightIcomein?MightIborrowsomemoney?might用于礼貌的询问是否能做某事，常出现在口语中，用法稍显过时。肯定回答通常用may，否定回答可以用can’t或者mustn’t。练习：()—CanIgetyouadrink?—.Iamnotthirsty.A.That’sveryniceofyouB.No,youdon’thavetoC.Yes,pleaseD.Withpleasure()—MayIleavetheclassroomnow?1—No,you.Youshouldn’tleaveuntilthebellrings.A.maynotB.can’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t第2页()—youpassmeapen?I’dliketowritedownthetelephonenumber.A.NeedB.CouldC.MustD.Should()—CouldIuseyoureraserforawhile?—Yes,ofcourseyou.A.couldB.willC.canD.should二、情态动词和短语情态动词1.情态动词needThelittlegirlneedstogetsomesleep.Ineededtwomoredaystofinishthework.Doyouneedtohavesomecoffee?need作实义动词，有人称，时态的变化。接动词时，用动词不定式。—NeedIcomeherebeforeeighttomorrowmorning?—No,youneedn’t.need作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。判断下列句子中的need属于实义动词还是情态动词Tomneedstohavearestafteraday’sworking.NeedIpaythedishesnow?Hedidn’tneedtogothehospital.Heneedn’thavegonetohospital—heonlyhadacold.darev.敢于Iwouldneverdaretostealthingsfromstores.DoyoudaretotellherwhatIsaid?Ididn’tdaretolookathim.Idaren’ttellmymotherthetruth.dare可以做实义动词，后面接动词不定式（口语中to可以省略）也可做情态动词，常用于否定句和疑问句。shallWeshallbeawaynextweek.IshallbeinHenannextFriday.I/weshall，用于表示未来要做的事。ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwemeetatsix,OK?WhatshallImakefordinner?第3页shallI/we，„„好吗？要不要„„？用于提建议或要求他人做请补充完整下面的对话A:Howcanwegothere?B:Wecangotherebybus.A:Howlongwillittakeustogetthere?B:Abouthalfanhour.A:?B:Let’smeetatthebusstopat7o’clock.2.短语情态动词haveto“不得不”，使用时有人称和时态的变化。Mybrotherhastoeataneggeveryday.Youdon’thavetobeheretomorrow.hadbetter“最好”Youhadbetterstayathometomorrow,foritwillrainheavily.Tinahadbetternotputofftheplanbecauseitisveryimportant.否定形式为hadbetternotwouldrather“宁愿”Iwouldrathergotherewithyou.我宁愿不去电影院。Iwouldrathernotgotothecinema.否定形式为wouldrathernotoughtto1）表义务，意为应该（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.Yououghtnottosmokesomuch.2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱，可翻译为“应该„„吧”。HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.There’safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.三、情态动词加完成时1.情态动词表示对现在情况的推测It’sjustfiveo’clock.Marymustbestayingonbednow.3肯定推测Thatcan’tbeTom.HewenttoBeijingyesterday.否定推测第4页Hemay/mightbeinChinanow.可能性推测2.情态动词表示对过去情况的推测musthavedoneHemusthavearrivedinHenanatthattime.Lucymusthavefinishedthebookbeforeshereturnedit.昨晚一定有人进来这个房间了。Somebodyintheroomlastnight.musthavedone对过去的肯定推测，翻译为“一定„„了”。can’thavedoneMissLican’thavegonetoShanghai.Imetheryesterday.Hecan’thavedonethatbecausehestayedwithmeatthattime.can’thavedone，对过去的否定推测，翻译为“不可能做了„„”。Jimmy不可能打扫了房子，因为他昨天就不在家。Jimmycan’thavecleanedupthehousebecausehewasnotathomeyesterday.3.情态动词表示对过去情况的虚拟shouldhavedoneTom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterda.Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Myfathershouldhavegothomeatsevenbuthiscarbrokeoffontheway.shouldhavedone翻译为“本应该„„了（但实际没有）”（也可用oughttohavedone）我本就应该知道他是在骗我的。Ithathewaslyingtome.needn’thavedoneYouneedn’thavedoneitbyyourself.Youcouldaskothersforhelp.Mymomneedn’thavetoldmethesewords.Iknewhowtodoit.Ineedn'thaveboughtsomuchfood—onlyfivepeoplecame.needn’thavedone翻译为“本不应该做„„（实际做了）”。couldhavedoneYoucouldhavegothigherscores.4Icouldhavebeenthereyesterday,butImetTomontheway.couldhavedone“本能够„„”（实际未能做某事）第5页练习：()Thegroundiswet.Ithaverainedlastnight.A.can’tB.needn’tC.shouldD.must()Mr.SmithhavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.A.mustB.needn’tC.can’tD.should()Theyhavefinishedtheworkyesterday,butitwasraininghard.A.mustB.couldC.shouldD.needn’t()Ihaveboughtsomuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.A.couldB.mustC.needn’tD.should四、情态动词考点总结1.常考点：通过语境分析说话人语气，选用最合适的情态动词()Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.Youcutyourfinger.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may()InordertospeakEnglishbetter,we_beafraidoflosingface.Remember,practicemakesperfect.A.shouldB.shouldn’tC.havetoD.must()Youstopwhenthetrafficlightturnsred.A.canB.hadbetterC.needD.must()There’senoughtimeforyoutogototheairport.Youhurrynow.A.shouldB.needn’tC.mustD.can’t2.常考点：情态动词与一般现在时连用，表示对现在的推测。()—IsMr.Huinthereadingroom?—No,hebethere.HehasgonetoTianjin.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.won’tD.can’t()ThisbookLucy’s.look!Hernameisonthebookcover.A.mustbeB.maybeC.can’tbeD.mustn’tbe()—ThispairofshoesbelongtoJack.Helikesthiskindverymuch.5—Itbehis.It’stoolargeforhim.A.can;can’tB.may;needn’tC.must;mustn’tD.must;can’t第6页3.常考点：mustn’t与must问句的回答()Accordingtothetrafficlaws,people_driveafterdrinkingwineorbeer.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t()—Mustweleavenow?—No,we.Westillhavetwomorehours.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t()—MissLi,mustwehandinourhomeworkrightnow?—No,you.Youcanhandinittomorrow.A.don’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot()Tom,you_playwiththek