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M1U1Grammar●学习目标1.了解关系代词的用法。2.通过练习巩固定语从名句的概念，并灵活运用定语从句●使用说明：在课前充分预习《凤凰新学案》语法部分内容的基础上，当堂完成本探究案。【课前预习，静学深思】一、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二）先行词先行词是指被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词与先行词关系密切，紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。定语从句的引导词分关系代词和关系副词两种：关系代词有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有when,where和why。关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法基本用法根据先行词及其在从定语句中所充当的成分不同，定语从句中要选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语，宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但当介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语(1)MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.(2)Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人，物定语(1)Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.(2)Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主语，宾语(1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.(2)Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语(1)Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.(2)Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语(1)Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.(2)ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略【课内探究，携手共行】（一）根据先行词及其在从定语句中所充当的成分不同，定语从句中要选用不同的关系代词。(1)Doyouknowtheprofessor________willgiveusaspeechnextweek?(作_____语)(2)Ireadareportabouthisnewnovel________willsoonbepublished.(作______语)(3)Theplan__________theyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.(作____语)(4)Thisisthenewsecretary_____________Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.(作____语)(5)Thesoldier_____legswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.(作____语)注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例(3)(4)）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只能用关系代词that。1.先行词是形容词的最高级或它的前面有形容词的最高级来修饰时。e.g.(1)Thisisthebest______hasbeenusedagainstpollution.(2)Englishisthemostdifficultsubject_______youwilllearnduringtheseyears.2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。e.g.(1)Thisisthelastplace_________Iwanttovisit.(2)ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskind_________I’veeverseen.3.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。e.g.(1)Youshouldhandinall______youhave.(2)Wehaven’tgotmuch________wecanofferyou.4.先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。e.g.(1)Theonlything______wecandoistogiveyousomemoney.(2)Thelittlemoney________hehadwasstolen.（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况1.先行词是one,ones,anyone时。e.g.(1)One_______hasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.2.先行词是those时。(2)Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenews_______oughtn’ttoknowit.e.g.Those_______werenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.（四）其它情况1.先行词既有人又有物时。e.g.(1)Doyouknowthethingsandpersons_______theyaretalkingabout?(2)Thebikeanditsrider_______hadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.2.主句已有疑问词who或which时。e.g.(1)Whichisthebike______youlost?(2)Whoisthewoman________waspraisedatthemeeting?（五）与whose有关的问题1.whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。e.g.(1)Isawawoman________bagwasstolen.(2)Pleaseshowmethebook________coverisred.2.当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用ofwhich的形式。e.g.Thebuilding________roofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.→Thebuilding,theroof___________youcanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或→Thebuilding,___________theroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.【活学活用，巩固提高】1.找出P2—3Reading部分含有定语从句的句子。2.找出P9Reading部分含有定语从句的句子。语法知识拓展一、选择适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。1.Riceisaplant________isgrowninthesouth.2.Those________wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.3.All________glittersisnotgold.4.Thisistheonlywayleadstoyoursuccess.5.Boththegirlandherdogwerecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.6.Thisisthebiggestbuilding________wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.7.Thisisthesecondschool________Iusedtoworkat,andmanystudentstherestillhavecontactwithme.8.Thereisamountain________topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.9.Youcantakeanyseat________isfree.10.Couldyoutellmefrom_________youborrowedthisbook?二、用定语从句合并下列句子。1.Theladyisafilmstar.Youtookaphotooftheladyyesterday._______________________________________________________________________2.What’stheaddressofthefactory?Wenoticedtheadvertisementofthefactorytheotherday.________________________________________________________________________3.ThisisthestadiumHeoftengoestothestadiumonSundays.________________________________________________________________________4.AprofessorisgoingtogiveusaspeechthisFridayafternoon.Hehasbeenworkingonenvironmentalprotection.________________________________________________________________________5.Hehasn’tgotenoughmoney.Hecanbuyalaptopwiththemoney.________________________________________________________________________