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英语音标元音单元音：i:ieæɔʌuəɑ:ɔ:u:ə:双元音：eiaiɔiəuauiəeəuə辅音浊辅音：bdgʤvðzʒdzlmnŋrjw清辅音：ptkʧfθsʃtshc在字母e，i，y前读/s/，如cell，cit'y，cyst；其余情况下读/K/，如cat，club，code.g在字母e，i，y前读/ʤ/，如gene，gin，gym；其余情况下读/g/，如beg,golf,game.s多数情况下读/s/，如six，desk，yes；有时读/z/，如is，his，vis‘it(读/z/时可下画一条横线)。x处于两元音字母之间，且其后元音重读时，读/gz/，如exist'；其余情况下读/ks/，如six,next,excuse'.q读/k/,如Iräq',NASDAQ(股票名);常与字母u用在一起,qu读/kw/,如quick,ques'tion.辅音字母组合的读音规则ch,tch读/ʧ/，如Chi'na,much；catch,matchph,gh读/f/，如pho'to,phonesh读/ʃ/，如shape,she,short,fishth多数情况下读/θ/，如three,third但有时读/ð/,如that,than,with.(读/ð/时可下画一线).wh在字母o前读/h/,如who,whom,whose(其中的字母o读/u:/)；其余情况下读/w/，如which，when，why.dg,dj读/ʤ/，如judge，lodg'ing；adjust',ad'jective.n在和字母g构成字母组合时，以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前（如c,g,k等）读/ŋ/。如：long,thing,length；un‘cle,zinc；an’gry,fin‘gerdrink,think,thank.gu在元音前读/g/，如guess,guide,guest；在字母n后读/gw/，如lan‘guage，distin’guish，lin'guist.字母n因为处于/g/音前而读/ŋ/.两个读同一个音的字母并列时,只读一个,如lit'tle,miss,hill,hob'by；clock,neck,black；scene,sci‘ence,scythe,excite’,except‘accord'ing,accuse',occur'.元音字母在重读音节中的读音规则英语中有四类重读音节：闭音节，开音节，r音节，re音节。闭音节指以辅音字母结尾的音节。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读闭音节中分别读/æ//e//i//ɔ//ʌ/,如hand,help,lip,gym,hot,club.开音节指以元音字母、‘元音字母+哑e’或‘一个辅音字母+哑e’结尾的音节。后者也叫约定开音节.元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u在重读开音节中分别读/ei//i://ai//ǝu//ju:/(即读字母名称，但y读/ai/)。如：face,make,age;he,mete,see,eve;I,hi,by,bye,time,type;go,home,stone,toe;cube,tube,use.但字母u在字母j，l，r后，读/u:/,不读/ju:/，如June,blue,rule.r音节在r音节中：ar读/ɑ:/,or读/ɔ:/,er,ir,yr,ur都读/ǝ:/。如：arm,far,start,large,Marx；or,for,cord,or'der；verb,her,serve；sir,first,dirt'y,cir'cle,myr'tle；hurt,nurse,return',mur'mur.注1．双r前的音节，是闭音节，不是r音节。如：car'ry,mar'ry,ber'ry,mir'ror,sor'ry,hur'ry.注2．在/w/音后，ar读/ɔ:/,如war,warm,warn；or读/ǝ:/,如：word,work,world,worse.re音节指元音字母与re结合而成的音节。在re音节中：are读/eǝ/，ere读/iǝ/，ire,yre读/aiǝ/，ore读/ɔ:/,ure读/juǝ/。如：care,dare,rare,hare,prepare‘；here,mere,severe’；fire,wire,tire,entire‘,tyre；more,fore,core,before’；cure,pure,endure'元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则a,o,u读/ǝ/，如Chi'na,sec'ond,dif'ficult.e,i,y读/i/,如result',vic'tim,hap'py.ar,er,ir,or,ur,yr读/ǝ/,如gram'mar,let'ter,circum'ference,doc'tor,mur'mur,mar'tyr,persist',west'ern,east'ern.o,u处于词末时分别读/ǝu/,/ju:/(即不弱化，按重读音节规则读)。如car'go,Ne'gro；men'u.u在多音节词中，紧邻重读音节时，读/ju/(即轻度弱化)。如：reg'ular,pop'ular,mon'ument.a,i,y,u在多音节动词中，处于约定开音节结尾中，按重读音节读。如：i'solate,ad'vertise,an'alyse,sub'stitute.y在多音节动词词末不弱化，读/ai/。如：sat'isfy,mal'tiply,oc'cupy元音字母组合的读音规则au,aw读/ɔ:/,如cause,au'ral,launch,sauce,law,dawn.eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如neu'tral,deuce；new,view,review'.ou,ow读/au/,如house,loud；how,now,down.ai,ay读/ei/,如wait,aid；day,may.ei,ey读/ei/,如veil,weig̣ḥt；grey,they,convey'oi,oy读/ɔi/,如choice,oil；boy,toy.ea,ee读/i:/,如eat,cheap；deep,need.ie,(c)ei读/i:/,如field,believe'；receive',ceil'ing.oa读/ǝu/,如road,soap,boat.ue读/ju:/,如Tues’day,val'ue,pursue'.air,aer读/eə/,如air,fair;aer'ial,aer'oplane.ear,eer读/iə/如ear,clear；beer,deer.our读/auə/如our,sour,ḥour.oo1.读/u/:在字母k前（book,look,took）和在good,foot,stood,wood,wool及其派生词(good‘ness,foot’ball,wool‘en等)中读/u/。2.读/u:/:在其余情况下读/u:/,如:ol,food,loose,room,zoo.3.读/ʌ/:在flood，blood及其派生词（flood'ing,blood'less等）中读/ʌ/.igh读/ai/,如high,light,might,night.augh,ough读/ɔ:/,如daugh'ter,caught,taught；ought,fought,thought。oul在could,should,would中读/u/。几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则a在后缀-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中读/i/，如pal'ace,com'rade,vil'lage,ac'curate.e在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/ə/,如cru'el,o’pen,stu'dent,si'lence,flu'ency.i在后缀-ible中读/ə/,如pos'sible.ai,ay,ei,ey在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如moun'taịn,Fri'daỵ,for'feit,val'leỵ.-ful读/ful/,如help'ful,harm'ful,use'ful.-gue读/g/,如di'alogue,cat'alogue.-que读/k/,如cheque,pic'turesque'.-ous读/əs/,如fa'mous,gen'erous,nerv'ous.-our读/ə/,如fa'vour,h̩on'our,la'bour.-ure读/ə/,如fig'ure,in'jure.但在fail'ure中读/jə/.-ow读/əu/,如win'dow,yel'low,pil'low.-ture读/ʧə/,如pic'ture,cul'ture,fur'niture.-sure在元音字母后读/ʒə/,如clo'sure,expo'sure.在辅音字母后读/ʃə/，如pres'sure,flex'ure(x=ks).-ion读/ən/,如fash'ion,cu̇sh'ion.-tion读/ʃən/如na'tion,produc'tion,solu'tion.-stion读/sʧən/,如ques'tion,suges'tion,diges'tion.-sion在元音字母后读/ʒən/，如vĭ'sion,occa'sion,divĭ'sion；在辅音字母后读/ʃən/，如discus'sion,impres'sion,expan'sion.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi在字母a,e,o前读/ʃ/，如：o'cean；so'cial；A'siapar'tial；Egyp'tian；suffĭ'cient；pa'tient；prĕ'cious；Rus'sian；an'xious.-i在字母d,t,n,l后，且在元音字母前，读/j/。如：au'dience,fron'tier,opin'ion,famil'ĭar.-ed（过去式后缀）在清辅音后读/t/,如：worked,jumped,missed.在浊辅音和元音后读/d/,如：robbed,begged；layed,stud'ied.在字母d，t后读/id/,如：need'ed,plänt'ed.-(e)s(名词或动词词尾)在清辅音后读/s/,如：desks,lamps,looks.在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,如：pigs,pens,plays,goes.在/ʤ,ʧ,ʃ,z,s/等音后读/iz/,如：urg'es,watch'es,wish'es,rīs'es,fac'es.重读符号单音节词单读时都重读，不需要用重读符号标注。双音节词和多音节词中，有的音节是重读音节，有的则是非重读音节,重读音节就要用重读符号标注。有些单词中，除重读音节和非重读音节外，还有次重读音节，也需要用重读符号标注。在单词上直接标音时，重读符号（‘）标在重读音节的后上方（如read’ing）；次重音符号（ˌ）标在次重读音节的后下方（如enˌgineer‘）。请注意：直接标音法的重读符号，还具有分音节的作用，如stu'dent和stud'y，stu'是开音节，而stud'是闭音节，故字母u的读法不同哑音符号(.)可用来指出不读音的字母。标注了这个符号的字母，读音时可视若其无，其余的字母仍按前述读音规则读音。不读音的辅音字母。例如：knife,lamb,au'tumn,write,psȳchol'ogy,pneumo'nia,exhib'it,rhyme,whis'tle,lis'ten,hour.不读音的元音字母。例如：heart,earn,learn,ear'ly,year,door,floor,roar,board,coarse,hoarse,four,pour,course,touch,coun'try,friend,build,young,peo'ple,though,owẹ,eye.因强度弱化而不读音的元音字母。Eg:vi'tal,fi'nal,short'en,les'sen,lev'el,chan'nel,dev'il,civ'il,es'son,cot'